Predictive Uncertainty and Parameter Sensitivity of a Sediment-Flux Model: Nitrogen Flux and Sediment Oxygen Demand

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latif Kalin ◽  
Mohamed M. Hantush
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Parameter Sensitivity ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nitrogen Flux ◽  
Predictive Uncertainty ◽  
Flux Model

Determination of sediment oxygen demand by direct measurement and by inference from reduced species accumulation

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Gelda ◽  
MT Auer ◽  
SW Effler
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Mineralization Of Organic Matter

Rates of sediment oxygen demand (SOD) were determined for hypereutrophic Onondaga Lake, New York (USA), by direct and indirect means. The direct approach, laboratory measurements made on intact sediment cores, yielded an average SOD rate of 1.68�0.56 g O2 m-2 day-1. This was essentially equivalent to that determined indirectly by estimating the sediment flux of reduced chemical species (1 .64�0.14 g O2 m-2 day-1). Sulfide, methane, ammonia, and ferrous iron contributed 50, 42, 7, and <1% of the total sediment flux of reduced species, respectively. The sulfide percentage is unusually high for freshwater systems, reflecting the sulfate-rich nature of the lake. Variability in the sediment flux of reduced species over the 3-year study was modest (12%), and rates were consistent with those measured in other systems of similar trophic state. Rates of SOD closely approximated the areal hypolimnetic oxygen deficit of the lake. More than 70% of the SOD was explained by the oxidation of reduced chemical species. These findings suggest that recovery of the oxygen resources of the lake will be mediated primarily through reductions in the delivery of particulate organic matter to the sediments and the rate at which in-place reserves of particulate organic matter are stabilized. The processes of algal respiration and aerobic mineralization of organic matter in the water column, which exhibit a more rapid response to remediation measures, will play a lesser role.

Considering the impact of intermittent discharges when modelling overflows

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Sarah Jubb ◽  
Philip Hulme ◽  
Ian Guymer ◽  
John Martin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
River Hydraulics ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Curve Equation

This paper describes a preliminary investigation that identified factors important in the prediction of river water quality, especially regarding dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Intermittent discharges from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) within the sewerage, and overflows at water reclamation works (WRW) cause dynamic conditions with respect to both river hydraulics and water quality. The impact of such discharges has been investigated under both wet and dry weather flow conditions. Data collected from the River Maun, UK, has shown that an immediate, transient oxygen demand exists downstream of an outfall during storm conditions. The presence of a delayed oxygen demand has also been identified. With regard to modelling, initial investigations used a simplified channel and the Streeter-Phelps (1925) dissolved oxygen sag curve equation. Later, a model taking into account hydrodynamic, transport and dispersion processes was used. This suggested that processes other than water phase degradation of organic matter significantly affect the dissolved oxygen concentration downstream of the location of an intermittent discharge. It is proposed that the dynamic rate of reaeration and the sediment oxygen demand should be the focus of further investigation.

Non-steady variations of SOD and phosphate release rate due to changes in the quality of the overlying water

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Inoue ◽  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
Y. Adachi
Keyword(s):  
Release Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Reactions ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Phosphate Release ◽  
Do Concentration ◽  
The Difference

A dynamic model, which predicts non-steady variations in the sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and phosphate release rate, has been designed. This theoretical model consists of three diffusion equations with biochemical reactions for dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphate and ferrous iron. According to this model, step changes in the DO concentration and flow velocity produce drastic changes in the SOD and phosphate release rate within 10 minutes. The vigorous response of the SOD and phosphate release rate is caused by the difference in the time scale of diffusion in the water boundary layer and that of the biochemical reactions in the sediment. Secondly, a negative phosphate transfer from water to sediment can even occur under aerobic conditions. This is caused by the decrease in phosphate concentration in the aerobic layer due to adsorption.

scholarly journals Geostatistical modeling of the spatial distribution of sediment oxygen demand within a Coastal Plain blackwater watershed

Geoderma ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 159 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jason Todd ◽  
R. Richard Lowrance ◽  
Pierre Goovaerts ◽  
George Vellidis ◽  
Catherine M. Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽  
Geostatistical Modeling

Experimental manipulations of the biomass of introduced carp (Cyprinus carpio) in billabongs. II. Impacts on benthic properties and processes1

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Robertson ◽  
M. R. Healey ◽  
A. J. King
Keyword(s):  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
The Impact

Two billabongs on the floodplain of the Murrumbidgee River, Australia, were partitioned in half with impermeable plastic barriers and the biomass of carp was manipulated to establish high- and low-carp biomass treatments in each billabong. Measurements of benthic variables (rates of particle settlement, biofilm development, sediment respiration, macrophyte detritus decomposition, sediment solid-phase nutrient concentrations and benthic algal biomass) were performed over four months from summer to winter 1995. Rates of particle settlement were greater in the high-carp treatment of each billabong throughout the experiment. High carp biomass had a negative impact on the autotrophic component of the biofilm developing on wood blocks placed at different heights above the sediment surface but the mechanism responsible differed between billabongs. Sediment oxygen demand became greater in the presence of a higher biomass of carp during the experiment but time courses differed between billabongs. Manipulations of carp biomass did not influence algal biomass on the sediment surface, the rate of decomposition of macrophyte detritus or sediment solid-phase nutrients or nutrient ratios. The impact of carp on benthic and surficial processes was significant but the mechanisms of change differed between billabongs.

scholarly journals Baseline biogeochemical data from Australia's continental margin links seabed sediments to water column characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda Radke ◽  
Tony Nicholas ◽  
Peter A. Thompson ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Eric Raes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Water ◽  
Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽  
Continental Margins ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Timor Sea ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

Surficial marine sediments are an important source of nutrients for productivity and biodiversity, yet the biogeochemistry of these sediments is poorly known in Australia. Seabed samples were collected at >350 locations in Australia’s western, northern and eastern continental margins during Federal Government surveys (2007–14). Parameters analysed included measures of organic matter (OM) source (δ13C, δ15N and C:N ratios), concentration (percentage total organic carbon,%TOC, and surface area-normalised TOC, OC:SA) and bioavailability (chlorin indices, total reactive chlorins, total oxygen uptake, total sediment metabolism (TSM), sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and SOD and TSM normalised against TOC). The aim of the present study was to summarise these biogeochemical ‘baseline’ data and make contextualised inferences about processes that govern the observed concentrations. The OM was primarily from marine sources and the OC:SA broadly reflected water column productivity (based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS). Approximately 40% of sediments were organic poor by global standards, reflecting seawater oligotrophy; ~12% were organic rich due to benthic production, high water column productivity and pockmark formation. OM freshness varied due to pigment degradation in water columns and dilution with refractory OM in reworked sediments. δ15N values confirmed the importance of N2 fixation to Timor Sea productivity, and point to recycling of fixed nitrogen within food chains in Western Australia.

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