A Laboratory Procedure to Characterize Reclaimed Clay Deposits Using Shear Waves

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilhan Chang ◽  
Gye-Chun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Shear Waves ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Clay Deposits

Bloating clay deposits in southern Maryland

1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell McMichael Knechtel ◽  
Howard P. Hamlin ◽  
John W. Hosterman
Keyword(s):  
Clay Deposits

Manufacturing In-Line Whole Wafer Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Memory Address Descramble Verification

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Herschbein ◽  
Hyoung H. Kang ◽  
Scott L. Jansen ◽  
Andrew S. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Flip Chip ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Memory Array ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Process Level

Abstract Test engineers and failure analyst familiar with random access memory arrays have probably encountered the frustration of dealing with address descrambling. The resulting nonsequential internal bit cell counting scheme often means that the location of the failing cell under investigation is nowhere near where it is expected to be. A logical to physical algorithm for decoding the standard library block might have been provided with the design, but is it still correct now that the array has been halved and inverted to fit the available space in a new processor chip? Off-line labs have traditionally been tasked with array layout verification. In the past, hard and soft failures could be induced on the frontside of finished product, then bitmapped to see if the sites were in agreement. As density tightened, flip-chip FIB techniques to induce a pattern of hard fails on packaged devices came into practice. While the backside FIB edit method is effective, it is complex and expensive. The installation of an in-line Dual Beam FIB created new opportunities to move FA tasks out of the lab and into the FAB. Using a new edit procedure, selected wafers have an extensive pattern of defects 'written' directly into the memory array at an early process level. Bitmapping of the RAM blocks upon wafer completion is then used to verify correlation between the physical damaged cells and the logical sites called out in the test results. This early feedback in-line methodology has worked so well that it has almost entirely displaced the complex laboratory procedure of backside FIB memory array descramble verification.

scholarly journals Lorentz force induced shear waves for magnetic resonance elastography applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Flé ◽  
Guillaume Gilbert ◽  
Pol Grasland-Mongrain ◽  
Guy Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Lorentz Force ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Shear Waves ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Elastography ◽  
Motion Generation ◽  
Wave Source

AbstractQuantitative mechanical properties of biological tissues can be mapped using the shear wave elastography technique. This technology has demonstrated a great potential in various organs but shows a limit due to wave attenuation in biological tissues. An option to overcome the inherent loss in shear wave magnitude along the propagation pathway may be to stimulate tissues closer to regions of interest using alternative motion generation techniques. The present study investigated the feasibility of generating shear waves by applying a Lorentz force directly to tissue mimicking samples for magnetic resonance elastography applications. This was done by combining an electrical current with the strong magnetic field of a clinical MRI scanner. The Local Frequency Estimation method was used to assess the real value of the shear modulus of tested phantoms from Lorentz force induced motion. Finite elements modeling of reported experiments showed a consistent behavior but featured wavelengths larger than measured ones. Results suggest the feasibility of a magnetic resonance elastography technique based on the Lorentz force to produce an shear wave source.

scholarly journals STR technique for the detection of contamination by exogenous DNA in paraffin blocks and histological slides

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Barcelos ◽  
Karina Funabashi ◽  
Susana Mazloum ◽  
Mariana Fernandes ◽  
Leonardo Cardili
Keyword(s):  
Target Therapy ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Gastric Gist ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Exogenous Dna ◽  
Stromal Tumors ◽  
Specific Target ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Short Tandem

Abstract Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) present different types of mutations that may or may not be sensitive to specific target therapy. The laboratory procedure required to prepare histological sections traditionally demands multiple steps, making the process prone to contamination by exogenous genetic material (DNA). An eventual contamination of the biological sample with exogenous DNA may jeopardize subsequent analysis of mutations. The Short Tandem Repeat (STR) technique is frequently used in forensic science fields and presents a potential application in surgical pathology, especially in situations of suspected sample exchange. In the present study, the objective is to verify the possible contamination by exogenous DNA in gastric GIST samples and to evaluate if the presence of contamination can interfere in the detection of the mutations of interest. We assessed eight gastric GISTs by the Sanger sequencing and STR sequence analyses. Seven samples presented more than one profile, a result interpreted as contamination. Our results indicate that exogenous DNA contamination occurred in most of the samples studied and that this was more frequent in samples obtained from the slides than those obtained from the block. The presence of contamination did not inhibit the detection of the mutations of interest for a specific target therapy. Furthermore, the histologic block revealed to be more advantageously when compared to the slide for molecular pathology diagnosis.

scholarly journals Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Ice-Dammed Lake Sediments of the Lębork Deposit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radosław Rogoziński ◽  
Alina Maciejewska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Dammed Lake

AbstractVarved clay deposits from ice-dammed lakes are a particularly important and broadly applied raw material used for the production of high-quality ceramics (red bricks, roof tiles, etc.), but the mineralogy and geochemistry of these sediments are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical and mineralogical composition of ice-dammed lake sediments of the Lębork deposit. Major-element analysis of the compositions of selected samples from the ice-dammed lake clays was performed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The mineralogical composition of clay samples was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Analyses of the chemical composition of the ice-dammed lake clays of the Lębork deposit showed that the dominant component was SiO2 with a mean content of 56.13 wt.%; the second most abundant component was Al2O3, with a mean content for the entire deposit of 11.61 wt.%. Analysis by ICP-MS indicated the presence of rare earth elements (REE), e.g. cerium, neodymium, lanthanum, and praseodymium; their mean contents are: 56.9, 27.0, 26.3, and 7.3 ppm, respectively. Mineralogical analysis of the varved clays identified quartz, muscovite, calcite, and clay minerals – illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite. The material filling the Lębork basin is characterized by small lateral and vertical variability in chemical composition. The results of the present study may be of considerable importance in determining the parent igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, the weathering products of which supplied material to the ice-dammed lake, as well as in determining the mechanisms and character of the sedimentation process itself.

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