South Korea's Water Resources Policy toward the 21st Century: Conflicting Views

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yearn Hong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
21St Century

Current water recycling initiatives in Australia: scenarios for the 21st century

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Water Diversions ◽  
Beneficial Reuse ◽  
Current Water

Australia is a relatively dry continent with an average runoff of 50 mm per year. The use of water resources in some river basins is approaching the limits of sustainability. Some adverse environmental impacts have been observed resulting from water diversions and from both reclaimed water and stormwater discharges. The paper describes current water recycling initiatives in Australia. These include: beneficial reuse of reclaimed water for urban, residential, industrial and agricultural purposes; recycling of greywater and stormwater; advanced treatment using membrane technology; and water efficient urban design. Some possible water recycling scenarios for Australia in the 21st century are examined. The implications of these scenarios are discussed.

scholarly journals Changes in Potential Evaporation in the Years 1952–2018 in North-Western Poland in Terms of the Impact of Climatic Changes on Hydrological and Hydrochemical Conditions

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Okoniewska ◽  
Danuta Szumińska
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Potential Evaporation ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North Western

The paper analyses changes in potential evaporation E0 (mm) in north-western Poland in the years 1952–2018. E0 (mm) has been calculated according to Ivanov’s formula based on the monthly values of air temperature (t, °C) and relative air humidity (f, %) for six weather stations of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. The data were collected using the Statistica software ver. 13 and the QGIS software ver. 3.80. The results indicate statistically significant trends in the increase of E0 during the period 1952–2018, and that it is particularly high during the spring and summer months, which should be associated with a statistically significant increase in air temperature and a decrease in relative humidity at all examined stations. The results also indicate an exceptionally high increase in evaporation since the end of the 20th century and in the 21st century, which reflects a potentially higher risk of permanent changes in hydrological conditions. The research results point to the major role of climatic factors in the often-dramatic decreases in water resources observed in the 21st century, particularly in lakes and small watercourses. The progressing reduction of water resources may cause permanent changes in physical and chemical conditions in waterbodies.

scholarly journals Assessment of possible changes of water resources of the rivers belonging to the Kuyalnytskyi Liman catchment at the beginning of the 21st century (2021 -2050) according to the models of the climatic scenario RCP4.5

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
N. S. Loboda ◽  
А. M. Kuza ◽  
О. M. Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Black Sea Region

Relevance of the paper consists in the need of ability to predict the water resources state of small and medium-sized rivers of the North-Western Black Sea Region in the 21st century in order to justify the strategy of Odesa Region's economy development. The water bodies of the studied territory include Kuyalnitskyi Liman with its unique balneological properties used for health improvement purposes since the end of the 19th century. Global warming and construction of numerous artificial reservoirs across the catchments of the liman's rivers resulted in its shallowing since the 90s of the last century. Forecasts for possible inflow of fresh water from the rivers to the liman in the near future have a great importance for assessing the prospects of its natural resources protection and preservation. The aim of the paper is to determine a possible state of water resources of the rivers belonging to the Kuyalnitskyi Liman catchment over the period of 2021-2050 based on imitational mathematical modelling with the climate-runoff model taken as a template and using meteorological data of 14 models of the RCP4.5 climate scenario. Estimations of zonal (climatic) annual runoff were provided for six meteorological stations located across the Kuyalnitskyi Liman catchment and adjacent territories. Each of the studied models has the water resources, heat and moisture resources estimations averaged over the target territory. It is shown that, compared to the last century's data, water resources changes will range from -82.6 % (model CLMcom3) to + 75.4 % (model MPI-CSC2). An average statistical model which is the result of averaging all the studied models was taken for further calculations. It was established that the best harmonization of estimated and actual tendencies of runoff formation climatic factors changes is observed when the average statistical model is taken. According to this model, over the period of 2021-2050 the Kuyalnitskyi Liman catchment area will see a heat resources expected increase by + 12.3 % with a slight (-1.80 %) humidification resources decrease. This will lead to reduction of territory's water resources by 25.5 %. The transfer of some watercourses feeding the liman to natural annual river runoff made it possible to determine that, according to the RCP4.5 scenario, over the period of 2021-2050 the average long-term inflow of fresh water from the Velykyi Kuyalnik River will constitute 16.5 million m3 and the inflow from other watercourses – 1.3 million m3.

Changes in China's water resources in the early 21st century

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengli Tao ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Yuhao Feng ◽  
Jiangling Zhu ◽  
Qiong Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The Early 21St Century
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