scholarly journals Life expectancy at birth and at age 65 by local areas in the United Kingdom, 2004–06 to 2008–10

2011 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-32
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Local Areas

scholarly journals Pathways to “5-a-day”: modeling the health impacts and environmental footprints of meeting the target for fruit and vegetable intake in the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Eustachio Colombo ◽  
James Milner ◽  
Pauline F D Scheelbeek ◽  
Anna Taylor ◽  
Alexandr Parlesak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Environmental Footprints ◽  
Diet Cost

ABSTRACT Background Fruit and vegetable consumption in the United Kingdom is currently well below recommended levels, with a significant associated public health burden. The United Kingdom has committed to reducing its carbon emissions to net zero by 2050, and this transition will require shifts towards plant-based diets. Objective The aim was to quantify the health effects, environmental footprints, and cost associated with 4 different pathways to meeting the United Kingdom's “5-a-day” recommendation for fruit and vegetable consumption. Methods Dietary data based on 18,006 food diaries from 4528 individuals participating in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2012/13–2016/17) constituted the baseline diet. Linear programming was used to model the hypothetical adoption of the 5-a-day (400 g) recommendation, which was assessed according to 4 pathways differing in their prioritization of fruits versus vegetables and UK-produced versus imported varieties. Increases in fruit and vegetable consumption were substituted for consumption of sweet snacks and meat, respectively. Changes in life expectancy were assessed using the IOMLIFET life table model. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs), blue water footprint (WF), and total diet cost were quantified for each 5-a-day diet. Results Achieving the 5-a-day target in the United Kingdom could increase average life expectancy at birth by 7–8 mo and reduce diet-related GHGEs by 6.1 to 12.2 Mt carbon dioxide equivalents/y; blue WFs would change by −0.14 to +0.07 km3/y. Greater reductions in GHGEs were achieved by prioritizing increased vegetable consumption over fruit, whereas the greatest reduction in WF was obtained by prioritizing vegetable varieties produced in the United Kingdom. All consumption pathways increased diet cost (£0.34–£0.46/d) Conclusions Benefits to both population and environmental health could be expected from consumption pathways that meet the United Kingdom's 5-a-day target for fruit and vegetables. Our analysis identifies cross-sectoral trade-offs and opportunities for national policy to promote fruit and vegetable consumption in the United Kingdom.

A VARIED PATTERN OF CHANGE OF THE SEX DIFFERENTIAL IN SURVIVAL IN THE G7 COUNTRIES

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK TROVATO ◽  
NILS B. HEYEN
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Circulatory Disease ◽  
G7 Countries ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Difference

Over the course of the 20th century the sex differential in life expectancy at birth in the industrialized countries has widened considerably in favour of women. Starting in the early 1970s, the beginning of a reversal in the long-term pattern of this differential has been noted in some high-income countries. This study documents a sustained pattern of narrowing of this measure into the later part of the 1990s for six of the populations that comprise the G7 countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, England and Wales (as representative of the United Kingdom) and USA. For Japan, a persistence of widening sex differences in survival is noted. The sex differences in life expectancy are decomposed over roughly three decades (early 1970s to late 1990s) from the point of view of four major cause-of-death categories: circulatory diseases, cancers, accidents/violence/suicide, and ‘other’ (residual) causes. In the six countries where the sex gap has narrowed, this has resulted primarily from reduced sex differences in circulatory disease mortality, and secondarily from reduced differences in male and female death rates due to accidents, violence and suicide combined. In some of the countries sex differentials in cancer mortality have been converging lately, and this has also contributed to a narrowing of the difference in life expectancy. In Japan, males have been less successful in reducing their survival disadvantage in relation to Japanese women with regard to circulatory disease and cancer; and in the case of accidents/violence/suicide, male death rates increased during the 1990s. These trends explain the divergent pattern of the sex difference in life expectation in Japan as compared with the other G7 nations.

scholarly journals Potential gains in life expectancy from reducing amenable mortality among people diagnosed with serious mental illness in the United Kingdom

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. e0230674
Author(s):  
Alex Dregan ◽  
Ann McNeill ◽  
Fiona Gaughran ◽  
Peter B. Jones ◽  
Anna Bazley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Amenable Mortality ◽  
The United Kingdom

Projection of Impaired Life Expectancy for Individuals in the United Kingdom Using Estimated Excess Death Rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bowen Jones ◽  
Nicole R. Gray ◽  
Madeleine Reid ◽  
William F. Scott
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Excess Death ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
8Th Edition

We have recently constructed tables of the estimated life expectancies of impaired lives on the basis of mortality ratios and the cohort life expectancy tables given in the 8th edition of the Ogden Tables, which are derived from the ONS 2018-based population projections for the United Kingdom.1,2 The life expectancy of impaired lives may also be estimated using excess death rates. In this paper, we give tables of life expectancies for impaired lives using a range of excess death rates for males and females from age 0 to age 100. As both mortality ratios and excess death rates are widely used in medical and legal settings, it is hoped that these additional tables of life expectancies will be of practical value.

scholarly journals Getting life expectancy estimates right for pension policy: period versus cohort approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Ayuso ◽  
Jorge M. Bravo ◽  
Robert Holzmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Pension Policy ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Best Estimates

Abstract In many policy areas it is essential to use the best estimates of life expectancy, but it is vital to most areas of pension policy. This paper presents the conceptual differences between static period and dynamic cohort mortality tables, estimates the differences in life expectancy for Portugal and Spain, and compares official estimates of both life expectancy estimates for Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States for 1981, 2010, and 2060. These comparisons reveal major differences between period and cohort life expectancy in and between countries and across years. The implications of using wrong estimates for pension policy, including financial sustainability, are explored.

scholarly journals Social Inequalities in Life Expectancy and Mortality in People With Dementia in the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
Anne H.S. Vestergaard ◽  
Elizabeth L. Sampson ◽  
Søren P. Johnsen ◽  
Irene Petersen
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
People With Dementia

Projection of Impaired Life Expectancy in Individuals in the United Kingdom Using Mortality Ratios

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bowen Jones ◽  
Nicole R. Gray ◽  
Madeleine Reid ◽  
William F. Scott
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
And Gender ◽  
8Th Edition

Projections of life expectancy are widely used in medicine, actuarial practice, and in the medicolegal and insurance fields. For individuals considered to have average future survival, nationally-derived life expectancy tables are available, referred to as the Ogden Tables. In the United Kingdom, updated tables (the 8th edition) were published in July 2020. We have calculated impaired projected life expectancies for the United Kingdom based on age and gender, derived from the 8th edition of the Ogden Tables together with various assumed lifelong mortality ratios.

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