scholarly journals Social inequalities in female mortality by region and by selected causes of death, England and Wales, 2001–03

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Langford ◽  
Brian Johnson ◽  
Alaa Al-Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
England And Wales

scholarly journals Social inequalities and the rise in violent deaths in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil: 2000-2006

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. s298-s308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio Chaves Viana ◽  
Maria da Conceição Nascimento Costa ◽  
Jairnilson Silva Paim ◽  
Ligia Maria Vieira-da-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Inequalities In Mortality ◽  
The City

An ecological study was carried out using information zones as units of analysis in order to assess the evolution of socio-spatial inequalities in mortality due to external causes and homicides in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, in 2000 and 2006. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE) and the City Health Department (Secretaria Municipal de Saúde) provided the data sources, and causes of death were reviewed and reclassified based on reports from the Institute of Legal Medicine (Instituto Médico Legal). The information zones were classified into four social strata according to income and schooling. The ratio between mortality rates (inequality ratio) was calculated and confirmed a rise of 98.5% in the homicide rate. In 2000, the risk of death due to external causes and murders in the stratum with the worst living conditions was respectively 1.40 and 1.94 times greater than in the reference stratum. In 2006 these figures were 2.02 and 2.24. The authors discuss the implications for inter-sectoral public policies, based on evidence from the study's findings.

Cot death

2021 ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
Michael Obladen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Cot Death ◽  
Prone Sleeping ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The 19Th Century

Since antiquity, cot death was explained as accidental suffocation, overlaying, or smothering. Parents were blamed for neglect or drunkenness, and a cage called arcuccio was invented around 1570 to protect the sleeping infant. Up to the 19th century, accidents were registered as natural causes of death. From 1830, accidental suffocation became unacceptable for physicians and legislators, and ‘natural’ explanations for the catastrophe were sought, with parents being consoled rather than blamed. Prone sleeping originated in the 1930s and from 1944 was associated with cot death. However, from the 1960s many authors recommended prone sleeping for infants, and many countries adopted the advice. A worldwide epidemic followed, peaking at 2% in England and Wales and 5% in New Zealand in the 1980s. Although epidemiological evidence was available by 1970, the first intervention was initiated in the Netherlands in 1989. Cot death disappeared almost entirely wherever prone sleeping was avoided. This strongly supports the assumption that prone sleeping has the greatest influence on the disorder, and that the epidemic resulted from wrong advice.

Exploring the evolution of health promotion in Namibia: opportunities and obstacles during the post-independence era

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Mwakanyadzeni Abigail Chipare ◽  
Roy Tapera ◽  
Ronald Farayi Pachawo ◽  
James January
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
African Country ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Southern African Country ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Independence Era

Namibia is a Southern African country with social inequalities. This paper discusses the historical development of health promotion in Namibia. The country has achieved tremendous progress in public health after gaining independence in March 1990, with increased life expectancy, reduced tuberculosis and AIDS mortality due to high coverage of antiretroviral therapy (90%) in 2012, and a reduced under-five mortality rate, from 74 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 50 in 2013. However, challenges still exist in achieving health for all. Non-communicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are among the top 10 diseases and top 15 causes of death, with diabetes emerging as one of the greatest threats to health. Opportunities and obstacles for effective health promotion are discussed. In conclusion, health promotion in Namibia has the potential to improve the health of the populace.

scholarly journals Male Mortality Trends in the United States, 1900-2010: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-160
Author(s):  
Wanda K. Jones ◽  
Robert A. Hahn ◽  
R. Gibson Parrish ◽  
Steven M. Teutsch ◽  
Man-Huei Chang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
White Males

Objectives: Male mortality fell substantially during the past century, and major causes of death changed. Building on our recent analysis of female mortality trends in the United States, we examined all-cause and cause-specific mortality trends at each decade from 1900 to 2010 among US males. Methods: We conducted a descriptive study of age-adjusted death rates (AADRs) for 11 categories of disease and injury stratified by race (white, nonwhite, and, when available, black), the excess of male mortality over female mortality ([male AADR − female AADR]/female AADR), and potential causes of persistent excess of male mortality. We used national mortality data for each decade. Results: From 1900 to 2010, the all-cause AADR declined 66.4% among white males and 74.5% among nonwhite males. Five major causes of death in 1900 were pneumonia and influenza, heart disease, stroke, tuberculosis, and unintentional nonmotor vehicle injuries; in 2010, infectious conditions were replaced by cancers and chronic lower respiratory diseases. The all-cause excess of male mortality rose from 9.1% in 1900 to 65.5% in 1980 among white males and a peak of 63.7% in 1990 among nonwhite males, subsequently falling among all groups. Conclusion: During the last century, AADRs among males declined more slowly than among females. Although the gap diminished in recent decades, exploration of social and behavioral factors may inform interventions that could further reduce death rates among males.

scholarly journals Social inequalities in alcohol‐related adult mortality by National Statistics Socio‐economic Classification, England and Wales, 2001–03

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronique Siegler ◽  
Alaa Al‐Hamad ◽  
Brian Johnson ◽  
Claudia Wells ◽  
Nick Sheron
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
National Statistics

scholarly journals Contribution of main causes of death to social inequalities in mortality in the whole population of Scania, Sweden

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rosvall ◽  
Basile Chaix ◽  
John Lynch ◽  
Martin Lindström ◽  
Juan Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Inequalities In Mortality

Inner Urban and National Suicide Rates, a Simple Comparative Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Chambers ◽  
John G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Law ◽  
North London

The authors have calculated the suicide rate per million for individual causes of death in the Inner North London Coroner's jurisdiction and also a composite rate for all methods of self-destruction. These have been compared with the rates for England and Wales in the years 1979–1985 inclusive. Also calculated has been a total ‘non-accidental’ death rate comprising all deaths by self-destructive behaviour. For certain causes the two rates are similar but for the remainder there are wide differences. The effect of the law relating to suicide verdicts has been described and its effects discussed.

Social inequalities in male mortality, and in male mortality from smoking: indirect estimation from national death rates in England and Wales, Poland, and North America

The Lancet ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 368 (9533) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat Jha ◽  
Richard Peto ◽  
Witold Zatonski ◽  
Jillian Boreham ◽  
Martin J Jarvis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Indirect Estimation ◽  
England And Wales
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