scholarly journals A Pioneer's View of Financial Services Negotiations in the GATT and in the World Trade Organization: 17 Years of Work for Something or Nothing?

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-399
Author(s):  
Harry L Freeman
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Demystifying the Prudential Carve-out: A proposal

Con-texto ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Samuel Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
International Law ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Prudential Regulation ◽  
The World

<p>This article explores how the broadest spirited exception in the framework of the World Trade Organization, commonly referred to as the prudential carve-out, could be applied without adding to or diminishing the rights and obligations of WTO Members. It argues that through the customary rules of interpretation of international law, the only standard applicable to the prudential carve out is that of a reasonable means to ends connection. However, this broad standard of review can be enriched by expert knowledge on financial and prudential regulation, given that the form of dispute settlement established in the Annex to Financial Services of the GATS provides a window for dissecting the concept of “prudential”. The AFS requires that an “expert panel” decide on controversies regarding financial and prudential issues, instead of the ordinary “highly qualified” WTO panel. The article draws on principles developed by the disciplines of micro- and macroprudential regulation to exemplify how expert knowledge can guide an otherwise vague standard of review.</p>

Mobility of Persons

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-154
Author(s):  
Catherine Barnard ◽  
Emilija Leinarte
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
International Commitments ◽  
The World ◽  
Free Movement Of Persons

This chapter stresses that the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) only envisions a most basic form of mobility, under Mode 4 of the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules. It mentions businesspersons offering services in the jurisdiction of the other parties, and a bland commitment to maintain visa-free travel for short-term stays. It also reveals the end of passporting for financial services and the end of free movement of persons that constitute some of the most visible, and dramatic changes in the new EU-UK relations. The chapter looks at mobility rules under the WTO regime and various free trade agreements (FTAs) and association agreements (AAs) as the baseline for international commitments to trade-related mobility. It compares the WTO regime with the framework under the TCA in order to determine the extent of liberalization in the new UK-EU relationship.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Impact on Exports of Services: Opportunities, Challenges and Suggestions for India

2021 ◽  
pp. 231971452098467
Author(s):  
Sivalingam Veeramani ◽  
Anam
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Digital Or ◽  
Reserve Bank Of India

The COVID-19 outbreak has put the global economic scenario out of order. The mechanism of lockdown and social distancing has paved a grave situation for global trade in general and services in particular as they are inseparable and requires proximity between the supplier and the consumer. In view of the outstanding contribution of services in India’s foreign trade, this study examines the impact of the pandemic on aggregate, sectoral and mode-wise services exports from India. It ultimately seeks to highlight key opportunities, challenges and suggestions to protect and promote India’s services interest amid this global disruption. We review the quarterly and monthly services exports patterns from January to July 2020 based on the data obtained from the World Trade Organization and the Reserve Bank of India. The perspective on mode-wise services exports is derived from the Trade-in Services by Modes of Supply (TISMOS) data set of the WTO for 2017. The analysis highlights a severe drop in overall services exports, by over 10% during the second quarter of 2020. Travel, transport and financial services have been hit hardest. However, the decline in India’s services exports found as relatively much lower in comparison to other major services exporting economies. The comparative edge in digital or Mode 1 services offers greater opportunities for the country in the longer period if urgent policy initiatives and support are extended to potential online services sectors.

Russian Policy of Agriculture Support and the Necessity of Its Modification after WTO Accession

2012 ◽  
pp. 132-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Wto Accession ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Agriculture Support

The article deals with the features of the Russian policy of agriculture support in comparison with the EU and the US policies. Comparative analysis is held considering the scales and levels of collective agriculture support, sources of supporting means, levels and mechanisms of support of agricultural production manufacturers, its consumers, agrarian infrastructure establishments, manufacturers and consumers of each of the principal types of agriculture production. The author makes an attempt to estimate the consequences of Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization based on a hypothesis that this will result in unification of the manufacturers and consumers’ protection levels in Russia with the countries that have long been WTO members.

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