Labour Market Outcomes in Bangladesh: The Role of Poverty and Gender Norms

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bridges ◽  
David Lawson ◽  
Sharifa Begum
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Motherhood and flexible jobs: Evidence from Latin American countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Berniell ◽  
Lucila Berniell ◽  
Dolores de la Mata ◽  
María Edo ◽  
Mariana Marchionni
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Extensive And Intensive Margins ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

We study the causal effect of motherhood on labour market outcomes in Latin America by adopting an event study approach around the birth of the first child based on panel data from national household surveys for Chile, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay. Our main contributions are: (i) providing new and comparable evidence on the effects of motherhood on labour outcomes in developing countries; (ii) exploring the possible mechanisms driving these outcomes; (iii) discussing the potential links between child penalty and the prevailing gender norms and family policies in the region. We find that motherhood reduces women’s labour supply in the extensive and intensive margins and influences female occupational structure towards flexible occupations—part-time work, self-employment, and labour informality—needed for family–work balance. Furthermore, countries with more conservative gender norms and less generous family policies are associated with larger differences between mothers’ and non-mothers’ labour market outcomes.

scholarly journals Incorporation of Immigrants and Second Generations into the French Labour Market: Changes between Generations and the Role of Human Capital and Origins

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-118
Author(s):  
Yaël Brinbaum
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Contextual Characteristics ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Gender

This article analyses the labour market incorporation of migrants and second-generation minorities in France. Using the 2013–2017 French Labour Surveys and the 2014 adhoc module, we focus on labour market outcomes—activity, employment, occupation and subjective overqualification—and measure the gaps between ethnic minorities and the majority group by origins, generation and by gender. In order to elucidate the mechanisms behind these gaps and explain ethnic disadvantages for immigrants, we take into account different factors, such as education, and factors linked to migration—duration of stay in France, language skills, foreign qualifications, nationality—with additional controls for family, socioeconomic and contextual characteristics. We also investigate the returns to higher education among second-generation minority members compared to the majority population. We show large differences by country of origins, generation and gender. Across generations, most minority members have made clear progress in terms of access to employment and skilled jobs, but ethnic penalties remain for the descendants of North-Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa and Turkey. In contrast, Asian second-generation men and women encounter slight advantages in attaining highly-skilled positions. Controlling for tertiary degrees even increases the gap with majority members mostly in access to highly-skills jobs.

scholarly journals Internal Migration, Living Close to Family, and Individual Labour Market Outcomes in Spain

2022 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara H. Mulder ◽  
Isabel Palomares-Linares ◽  
Sergi Vidal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

Migration is often viewed as a way to enhance occupational careers. However, particularly in Mediterranean countries, labour market outcomes may also depend on local family resources. We investigate how men’s and women’s labour market outcomes differ between (1) those who migrated and those who did not; and (2) those who live close to family and those who live farther away. Our main contributions are the investigation of the association between migration and labour market outcomes in a different context than the more commonly studied Northern and Western European countries and the United States, and of the role of living close to family in labour market outcomes. We used a sample of labour market participants from the “Attitudes and Expectations About Mobility” survey, conducted in Spain in 2019. Our results show that the likelihood of being a professional is greater for women who migrated than for those who did not, and that the likelihood of being unemployed or in a temporary job is lower for women who live close to family than for those who do not, but neither association was found for men. The finding for living close to family is in line with the notion that nearby family may protect women in particular from precarious labour market positions. The finding for migration differs from previous findings for Northern and Western Europe and the United States, which indicate that migration is beneficial to men in particular. This difference might be specific to a low-migration context, but data limitations prevent firm conclusions.

Social and spatial networks in labour markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 722-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Topa
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

Abstract Social connections and referrals are ubiquitous in the labour market, both on the job-seeker side and on the employer side. This article reviews recent developments in the study of referrals, highlighting what we have learned regarding the use and impact of referrals on various labour market outcomes and pointing out the increasingly nuanced picture we are gaining on the effects of referrals. It then discusses directions for future research, emphasizing the importance of using newly available data (and combinations of datasets) and of making tighter connections with the burgeoning macro-labour research that is based on a search and matching framework. Finally, it evaluates the role of referrals from the point of view of policy-makers, discussing their social welfare implications and ways in which they could be explicitly incorporated into various labour market policies. The importance of tighter collaboration between policy-makers, researchers, employers and practitioners is stressed, to conduct more rigorous experimentation and evaluation of potential referral-based policies and programmes.

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