A Randomized Trial of Aspirin to Prevent Colorectal Adenomas in Patients with Previous Colorectal Cancer

2003 ◽  
Vol 348 (10) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Sandler ◽  
Susan Halabi ◽  
John A. Baron ◽  
Susan Budinger ◽  
Electra Paskett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas

scholarly journals Circulating Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer (CRC)—Their Utility in Diagnosis and Prognosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2391
Author(s):  
Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając ◽  
Barbara Mroczko
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Number Of Publications

The global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) is expected to increase, with 2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million annual deaths by 2030. Therefore, the establishment of novel biomarkers useful in the early diagnosis of CRC is of utmost importance. A number of publications have documented the significance of the overexpression of several specific proteins, such as inflammatory mediators, in CRC progression. However, little is known about the potential utility of these proteins as circulating blood tumor biomarkers of CRC. Therefore, in the present review we report the results of our previous original studies as well as the findings of other authors who investigated whether inflammatory mediators might be used as novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. Our study revealed that among all of the tested proteins, serum M-CSF, CXCL-8, IL-6 and TIMP-1 have the greatest value in the diagnosis and progression of CRC. Serum TIMP-1 is useful in differentiating between CRC and colorectal adenomas, whereas M-CSF and CRP are independent prognostic factors for the survival of patients with CRC. This review confirms the promising significance of these proteins as circulating biomarkers for CRC. However, due to their non-specific nature, further validation of their sensitivity and specificity is required.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin, Ki67, CD3 and CD18 in canine colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M. V. Herstad ◽  
Gjermund Gunnes ◽  
Runa Rørtveit ◽  
Øyvor Kolbjørnsen ◽  
Linh Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Colonic Tissue ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Colonic Cells ◽  
Control Samples

Abstract Background Inflammation is believed to influence human colorectal carcinogenesis and may have an impact on prognosis and survival. The mucosal immunophenotype in dogs with colorectal cancer is poorly described. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the density, distribution and grade of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIIs) are different in normal colonic tissue vs benign stages (adenomas) and malignant stages (adenocarcinomas) of canine colorectal carcinogenesis, and thus, whether they can be considered as prognostic factors in dogs. This retrospective case-control study was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from dogs with histologically confirmed colorectal adenoma (n = 18) and adenocarcinoma (n = 13) collected from archived samples. The samples had been collected by colonoscopy, surgery or during postmortem examination. Healthy colonic tissue obtained post mortem from dogs euthanized for reasons not involving the gastrointestinal tract served as control tissue (n = 9). Results The tumor samples had significantly lower numbers of CD3+ T-cells in the epithelium compared to controls (adenocarcinoma vs control, Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.0004, and adenoma vs control, p = 0.002). Adenomas had a significantly lower number of CD18+ cells in the lamina propria, compared to control samples (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.008). Colonic samples from control dogs had uniform staining of β-catenin along the cell membrane of epithelial cells. Compared to normal colonic cells, the expression levels of cytoplasmic β-catenin were significantly higher in adenomas and adenocarcinomas (adenoma vs control Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.004, and adenocarcinoma vs control, p = 0.002). None of the control samples showed positive staining of β-catenin in the nucleus of colonic cells. In contrast, adenocarcinomas and adenomas showed moderate to strong staining of the cell nucleus. The nuclear β-catenin expression (signal strength and distribution) was significantly higher in adenomas compared to adenocarcinomas (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.05). Conclusions β-catenin and Ki67 were not useful markers for demonstrating tumor progression from adenomas to adenocarcinomas. The lower presence of CD18 and CD3+ cells in colorectal tumors compared to controls indicates a reduced presence of histiocytes and T-cells, which may have implications for the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer in dogs.

A stepped randomized trial to promote colorectal cancer screening in a nationwide sample of U.S. veterans

2021 ◽  
pp. 106392
Author(s):  
Sally W. Vernon ◽  
Deborah J. del Junco ◽  
Sharon P. Coan ◽  
Caitlin C. Murphy ◽  
Scott T. Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Screening

scholarly journals The intestinal microbiota, gastrointestinal environment and colorectal cancer: a putative role for probiotics in prevention of colorectal cancer?

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (3) ◽  
pp. G401-G424 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Andrea Azcárate-Peril ◽  
Michael Sikes ◽  
José M. Bruno-Bárcena
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Food Allergies

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States, and, even though 5–15% of the total CRC cases can be attributed to individual genetic predisposition, environmental factors could be considered major factors in susceptibility to CRC. Lifestyle factors increasing the risks of CRC include elevated body mass index, obesity, and reduced physical activity. Additionally, a number of dietary elements have been associated with higher or lower incidence of CRC. In this context, it has been suggested that diets high in fruit and low in meat might have a protective effect, reducing the incidence of colorectal adenomas by modulating the composition of the normal nonpathogenic commensal microbiota. In addition, it has been demonstrated that changes in abundance of taxonomic groups have a profound impact on the gastrointestinal physiology, and an increasing number of studies are proposing that the microbiota mediates the generation of dietary factors triggering colon cancer. High-throughput sequencing and molecular taxonomic technologies are rapidly filling the knowledge gaps left by conventional microbiology techniques to obtain a comprehensive catalog of the human intestinal microbiota and their associated metabolic repertoire. The information provided by these studies will be essential to identify agents capable of modulating the massive amount of gut bacteria in safe noninvasive manners to prevent CRC. Probiotics, defined as “live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host” ( 219 ), are capable of transient modulation of the microbiota, and their beneficial effects include reinforcement of the natural defense mechanisms and protection against gastrointestinal disorders. Probiotics have been successfully used to manage infant diarrhea, food allergies, and inflammatory bowel disease; hence, the purpose of this review was to examine probiotic metabolic activities that may have an effect on the prevention of CRC by scavenging toxic compounds or preventing their generation in situ. Additionally, a brief consideration is given to safety evaluation and production methods in the context of probiotics efficacy.

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