Evidence of Major Genes for Exercise Heart Rate and Blood Pressure at Baseline and in Response to 20 Weeks of Endurance Training: The HERITAGE Family Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Major Genes

Heart rate and blood pressure changes with endurance training: The HERITAGE Family Study

2001 ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACK H. WILMORE ◽  
PHILIP R. STANFORTH ◽  
JACQUES GAGNON ◽  
TREVA RICE ◽  
STEPHEN MANDEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Pressure Changes

Abstract P236: The Heritability of Submaximal Exercise Heart Rate Response to Regular Exercise is Accounted for by Nine SNPs

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomo Rankinen ◽  
Yun Ju Sung ◽  
Mark Sarzynski ◽  
Treva K Rice ◽  
DC Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Significant Snps ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate

Regular physical activity is the most effective non-pharmacological strategy to lower heart rate both at rest and during submaximal physical work. We have previously shown that endurance training-induced changes in heart rate are heritable (h 2 =0.34). However, few genes associated with heart rate training responses have been identified. The purpose of this study was to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to uncover DNA sequence variants associated with submaximal exercise heart rate training responses in the HERITAGE Family Study. Heart rate was measured during steady-state exercise at 50 Watts (HR50) on two separate days both before and after a 20-week endurance training program in 473 white subjects from 99 families. Illumina HumanCNV370-Quad v3.0 BeadChips were genotyped using Illumina BeadStation 500GX platform. After quality control procedures, 320,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were available for the GWAS analyses. Associations between HR50 training response (ΔHR50) and the SNPs were tested using the MERLIN software package (single-SNP analyses) and standard regression models (multivariate analyses). Furthermore, conditional heritability analysis (MERLIN) was used to test the contribution of the most significant SNPs to the heritability of ΔHR50. Exercise training induced an average reduction of 11 bpm in HR50 (SD = 9.9 bpm, p<0.0001), while individual training responses ranged from a 12 bpm increase to a 42 bpm decrease. The strongest associations for ΔHR50 (adjusted for age, sex, BMI and baseline HR50) were detected with SNPs at the YWHAQ locus on chromosome 2p25 (p=8.1x10 -7 ), RBPMS locus on 8p12 (p=3.8x10 -6 ) and CREB1 locus on 2q34 (p=1.6x10 -5 ). In addition, 37 other SNPs showed p-values < 9.9x10 -5 . After removing redundant SNPs, the ten most significant SNPs explained 35.9% of the ΔHR50 variance in a multivariate regression model. Conditional heritability test showed that nine of these SNPs (all intragenic) accounted for 100% of the ΔHR50 heritability. Our results indicate that SNPs in nine genes related to cardiomyocyte and neuronal functions as well as cardiac memory formation fully account for the heritability of submaximal exercise heart rate response to regular physical activity in the HERITAGE Family Study.

Forearm endurance training attenuates sympathetic nerve response to isometric handgrip in normal humans

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1039-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Somers ◽  
K. C. Leo ◽  
R. Shields ◽  
M. Clary ◽  
A. L. Mark
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Nerve Response ◽  
The Right ◽  
Muscle Chemoreflex

Recent evidence indicates that muscle ischemia and activation of the muscle chemoreflex are the principal stimuli to sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) during isometric exercise. We postulated that physical training would decrease muscle chemoreflex stimulation during isometric exercise and thereby attenuate the SNA response to exercise. We investigated the effects of 6 wk of unilateral handgrip endurance training on the responses to isometric handgrip (IHG: 33% of maximal voluntary contraction maintained for 2 min). In eight normal subjects the right arm underwent exercise training and the left arm sham training. We measured muscle SNA (peroneal nerve), heart rate, and blood pressure during IHG before vs. after endurance training (right arm) and sham training (left arm). Maximum work to fatigue (an index of training efficacy) was increased by 1,146% in the endurance-trained arm and by only 40% in the sham-trained arm. During isometric exercise of the right arm, SNA increased by 111 +/- 27% (SE) before training and by only 38 +/- 9% after training (P less than 0.05). Endurance training did not significantly affect the heart rate and blood pressure responses to IHG. We also measured the SNA response to 2 min of forearm ischemia after IHG in five subjects. Endurance training also attenuated the SNA response to postexercise forearm ischemia (P = 0.057). Sham training did not significantly affect the SNA responses to IHG or forearm ischemia. We conclude that endurance training decreases muscle chemoreflex stimulation during isometric exercise and thereby attenuates the sympathetic nerve response to IHG.

scholarly journals Interrelation between Exercise Heart Rate, Post-Run Systolic Blood Pressure, and Myocardial Structure in Distance Runners

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (66) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Venckūnas ◽  
Birutė Mažutaitienė ◽  
Arvydas Stasiulis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Myocardial Hypertrophy ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Myocardial Wall

Endurance running is an exercise practiced by athletes in many sports. Being benefi cial to health, it is also under-taken by a great number of non-athletic individuals. Rigorous endurance training frequently induces symmetric (i. e. both ventricular chamber dilation and wall thickening) myocardial hypertrophy, which is a physiological adapta-tion. Although distance running is a sport associated with haemodynamic volume rather than pressure overload, in addition to enlarged cardiac output, systolic arterial blood pressure also considerably increases during running. The extent of the cardiac hypertrophy was shown to be correlated with peak blood pressure measured during laboratory exercise. However, the predominant type of myocardial hypertrophy (the ratio between the myocardial wall thickness and chamber size) in endurance runners remains contradictory, and the majority of the responsible factors are still to be determined. The aim of this study was to determine possible correlations between post-run systolic blood pressure and myocardial hypertrophy in endurance runners.Standard transthoracic two-dimensional M-mode echocardiography was performed in white adult male distance runners (n = 49) of national level within four weeks of treadmill testing, which was a non-continuous incremental exercise test employed for the determination of the heart rate as well as post-exertional systolic blood pressure re-sponse. Runners’ training volume (evaluated as the average number of hours per week spent training averaged over the past four weeks) correlated (p < 0.05) positively with the left ventricular (LV) wall thickness but not with the cavity size or LV mass (p > 0.05). Training volume also positively correlated with systolic blood pressure response to exercise (p < 0.05), but negatively with submaximal exercise heart rate (p < 0.01). Post-run systolic blood pressure correlated positively with LV wall thickness and LV concentricity (namely, the ratio between the myocardial wall thick-ness and chamber size) (p < 0.05), but no signifi cant correlation of any of the LV size parameters with resting heart rate, blood pressure, or systolic blood pressure in 2 to 4 min during the recovery period was revealed. Submaximal and maximal heart rate correlated signifi cantly and negatively with LV wall thickness, LV mass, and systolic blood pressure measured immediately after running (p < 0.05).Training volume and post-run systolic blood pressure have been found to correlate positively with LV wall thickness and concentricity in white adult male distance runners. Negative correlation of exercise heart rate has been found with the post-exercise systolic blood pressure, LV wall thickness, and LV mass.Keywords: myocardial hypertrophy, pressure overload, echocardiography, athlete’s heart.

scholarly journals The Interplay of Exercise Heart Rate and Blood Pressure as a Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease and Arterial Hypertension

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas P. Michaelides ◽  
Charalampos I. Liakos ◽  
Gregory P. Vyssoulis ◽  
Evangelos I. Chatzistamatiou ◽  
Maria I. Markou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Artery Disease

Comparative β-Adrenoreceptor-Blocking Effects and Pharmacokinetics of Propranolol and Pindolol in Hypertensive Africans

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 393s-396s ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Salako ◽  
A. O. Falase ◽  
A. Fadeke Aderounmu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blocking Effects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
African Patients

1. The β-adrenoreceptor-blocking effects of pindolol were compared with those of propranolol and a placebo in a double-blind cross-over trial involving nine hypertensive African patients. 2. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were measured at rest and immediately after exercise before and at intervals up to 6 h after oral administration of the drugs. In addition, plasma pindolol and propranolol concentrations were determined at the same intervals. 3. Pindolol diminished systolic blood pressure at rest and after exercise and antagonized exercise-induced tachycardia, but had no effect on resting heart rate. Propranolol diminished systolic blood pressure predominantly after exercise and reduced both resting and exercise heart rate. Both drugs had no effect on diastolic pressure. 4. The mean plasma concentration reached a peak at 2 h for each drug and this coincided with the interval at which maximal β-adrenoreceptor-blocking effect was observed.

Effects of endurance training on heart rate and blood pressure variability

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arja L. T. Uusitalo ◽  
Tomi Laitinen ◽  
Sari B. Väisänen ◽  
Esko Länsimies ◽  
Rainer Rauramaa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability
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