Cardiovascular Responses to Progressive Cycle Exercise in Healthy Children and Adults

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vinet ◽  
S. Nottin ◽  
A. M. Lecoq ◽  
P. Obert
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cycle Exercise

scholarly journals Stress response and the adolescent transition: Performance versus peer rejection stressors

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura R. Stroud ◽  
Elizabeth Foster ◽  
George D. Papandonatos ◽  
Kathryn Handwerger ◽  
Douglas A. Granger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Peer Rejection ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Mirror Tracing ◽  
Adolescent Transition

AbstractLittle is known about normative variation in stress response over the adolescent transition. This study examined neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to performance and peer rejection stressors over the adolescent transition in a normative sample. Participants were 82 healthy children (ages 7–12 years, n = 39, 22 females) and adolescents (ages 13–17, n = 43, 20 females) recruited through community postings. Following a habituation session, participants completed a performance (public speaking, mental arithmetic, mirror tracing) or peer rejection (exclusion challenges) stress session. Salivary cortisol, salivary alpha amylase (sAA), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and heart rate were measured throughout. Adolescents showed significantly greater cortisol, sAA, SBP, and DBP stress response relative to children. Developmental differences were most pronounced in the performance stress session for cortisol and DBP and in the peer rejection session for sAA and SBP. Heightened physiological stress responses in typical adolescents may facilitate adaptation to new challenges of adolescence and adulthood. In high-risk adolescents, this normative shift may tip the balance toward stress response dysregulation associated with depression and other psychopathology. Specificity of physiological response by stressor type highlights the importance of a multisystem approach to the psychobiology of stress and may also have implications for understanding trajectories to psychopathology.

Effects of the muscle pump and body posture on cardiovascular responses during recovery from cycle exercise

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 576-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuhisa Takahashi ◽  
Junichiro Hayano ◽  
Akiyoshi Okada ◽  
Tadashi Saitoh ◽  
Akira Kamiya
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Muscle Pump

The heart rate response to spontaneous arousal from sleep is reduced in children with Down syndrome referred for evaluation of sleep-disordered breathing

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (6) ◽  
pp. H1986-H1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise M. O'Driscoll ◽  
Rosemary S. C. Horne ◽  
Margot J. Davey ◽  
Sarah A. Hope ◽  
Adrian M. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Peak Response ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Arousal from sleep in healthy adults is associated with a large, transient increase in heart rate (HR). Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have attenuated cardiovascular responses to autonomic tests during wakefulness. We tested the hypothesis that the HR response to arousal from sleep is reduced in children with DS and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) compared with healthy children. Twenty children aged 3–17 yr referred for investigation of sleep-disordered breathing (10 DS, and 10 OSA controls) matched for age and obstructive apnea/hypopnea index underwent routine overnight polysomnography. In addition, 10 nonsnoring controls from the general community were studied. Beat-by-beat HR was analyzed from 15 s pre- to 15 s post-spontaneous arousals and compared between groups using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Data are presented as means ± SE. For both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM), arousals were associated with a significant increase in HR in all groups (peak response NREM: DS, 118 ± 1% at 3 s; OSA controls, 124 ± 2% at 4 s; and healthy controls, 125 ± 3% at 4 s; and peak response REM: DS, 116 ± 2% at 4 s; OSA controls, 123 ± 3% at 4 s; and healthy controls, 125 ± 4 at 4 s; P < 0.001 for all). Post hoc analysis revealed that HR in the DS group was significantly lower than both control groups at 1–4 s in NREM and at 4 to 5 s in REM ( P < 0.05 for all). In conclusion, the HR response to spontaneous arousal from sleep is reduced in children with DS and OSA compared with healthy children. This attenuated cardiovascular response could be due to reduced sympathetic activation or blunted vagal withdrawal and may have implications for the child with DS and OSA.

The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Maggie-Lee Huckabee
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Activation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Primary Finding ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Cortical Modulation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

In Search of Somatic Precursors of Spontaneous Insight

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangbing Shen ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Chaoying Tang ◽  
Chunhua Shi ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Solution Time ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Insight Problem ◽  
Creative Insight ◽  
Insight Problem Solving ◽  
Analytic Problem

Abstract. A considerable number of behavioral and neuroscientific studies on insight problem solving have revealed behavioral and neural correlates of the dynamic insight process; however, somatic correlates, particularly somatic precursors of creative insight, remain undetermined. To characterize the somatic precursor of spontaneous insight, 22 healthy volunteers were recruited to solve the compound remote associate (CRA) task in which a problem can be solved by either an insight or an analytic strategy. The participants’ peripheral nervous activities, particularly electrodermal and cardiovascular responses, were continuously monitored and separately measured. The results revealed a greater skin conductance magnitude for insight trials than for non-insight trials in the 4-s time span prior to problem solutions and two marginally significant correlations between pre-solution heart rate variability (HRV) and the solution time of insight trials. Our findings provide the first direct evidence that spontaneous insight in problem solving is a somatically peculiar process that is distinct from the stepwise process of analytic problem solving and can be represented by a special somatic precursor, which is a stronger pre-solution electrodermal activity and a correlation between problem solution time and certain HRV indicators such as the root mean square successive difference (RMSSD).

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