Treatment of Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: Use of Low Molecular Weight Heparin

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor F. Tapson
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight

Efficacy and safety of apixaban in patients with active malignancy and acute deep venous thrombosis

Vascular ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 170853812097114
Author(s):  
Mostafa El Mokadem ◽  
Ahmed Hassan ◽  
Abdulaziz Z Algaby
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Major Bleeding ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Massive Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Efficacy And Safety

Objectives Low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has been approved for treatment of deep venous thrombosis and venous thromboembolism which are associated with cancer. The efficacy and safety of apixaban in management of acute deep venous thrombosis associated with active malignancy is still an unresolved issue. The aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apixaban in patients with acute deep venous thrombosis and active malignancy compared with weight adjusted subcutaneous LMWH. Methods Of 138 randomized patients, 100 patients with active malignancy presenting with acute deep venous thrombosis and still treated with chemotherapy were assigned to either oral apixaban therapy or subcutaneous low-molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) through randomized clinical study in 1:1 ratio. All patients were followed up to six months. The primary end point was major bleeding, while secondary end points were recurrent deep venous thrombosis or venous thromboembolism, minor or non-fatal bleeding and mortality related to massive pulmonary embolism. Results Both groups were matched regarding their baseline demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics. We had 84 patients with metastatic cancer (stage 4). The most prevalent type of malignancy was cancer colon (42% of cases). There was no significant difference between both groups regarding the incidence of primary and secondary end points. There were no reported mortality cases related to massive pulmonary embolism in both groups. Conclusion In this limited study, there was no difference in the major bleeding, recurrent deep venous thrombosis or minor bleeding in patients with active malignancy when treated with either apixaban or LMWH. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04462003). Registered 7 July 2020 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04462003

Prophylaxis for Deep Venous Thrombosis in Craniotomy Patients: A Decision Analysis

Neurosurgery ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1286-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabbar F. Danish ◽  
Mark G. Burnett ◽  
Joseph G. Ong ◽  
Seema S. Sonnad ◽  
Eileen Maloney-Wilensky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Decision Analysis Model ◽  
Mechanical Prophylaxis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the most efficient perioperative prophylactic strategy for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in craniotomy patients by use of a decision analysis model. METHODS: We conducted a structured review of the relevant literature and compiled the reported incidences of DVT, pulmonary embolism, and postoperative intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in craniotomy patients. We also obtained from the literature estimates of the likelihood and the impact of various outcomes of these complications. Data from 810 craniotomies performed at our own institution were also examined. The decision analytic model was then used to compare the effectiveness of pneumatic compression boots with pneumatic compression boots combined with either unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin. The model dealt with variability by using both sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. RESULTS: As expected, the addition of heparin lowered the incidence of both DVT and pulmonary embolism, but at the cost of increasing ICH. Because the deleterious effects of ICH were so much greater than the benefits from heparinization, overall outcomes were best with mechanical prophylaxis alone. This was especially true for low-molecular-weight heparin, which is associated with a relatively high risk of ICH. Our own institutional data support the findings in the literature. Although the differences are modest, they reach statistical significance in the case of low-molecular-weight heparin. CONCLUSION: Using decision analytic modeling, we have shown that mechanical prophylaxis yields outcomes in craniotomy patients superior to those of either unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin.

Markers of Hemostatic System Activation in Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis-Evolution during the First Days of Heparin Treatment

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (06) ◽  
pp. 0909-0914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Dose Adaptation ◽  
Heparin Treatment ◽  
Lung Scan

SummaryFibrin D-Dimer (D-Di), prothrombin activation fragment (F 1+2) and thrombin-antithrombin III complexes (TAT) were measured using ELISA procedures in the plasma of patients with an acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT), at presentation and on days 2, 6 and 10 after initiation of heparin treatment. Patients were randomly allocated into two treatment groups: 44 patients received adapted doses of continuous intravenous unfractionated heparin (UH) whereas 47 received 1 mg/kg every twelve hours of a low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) subcutaneously. A phlebography and a perfusion lung scan were performed before inclusion and on day 10. Failure of therapy (n = 9) was defined by venogram worsening or confirmed pulmonary embolism. Improvement (n = 44) or stationary state (n = 38) were defined by venogram evolution in the absence of new leg scan defects.At presentation, D-Di, F 1 + 2 and TAT were above cut-off values in 97, 66 and 89% of patients respectively. D-Di levels correlated with the extent of venous thrombosis whereas TAT and F 1 + 2 did not. Mean levels of D-Di decreased sharply during the first days of treatment but were still abnormal on day 10. A secondary increase of D-Di on days 6 or 10 by more than 3 μg/ml occurred in 4 of the 9 patients who developed a thromboembolic recurrence but in none of the 72 patients who had a more favorable outcome. F 1 + 2 and TAT time-courses were not related to clinical evolution. In the Enoxaparin group, there was no relationship between antifactor Xa activities and any biological markers. TAT and F 1 + 2 levels fell on day 2 and remained stable until day 10. In contrast, in the UH group, TAT and F 1 + 2 did not significantly decrease on day 2, probably due to a delay in dose adaptation, but they declined slowly until day 10.In conclusion, D-Di displays a higher sensitivity than F 1 + 2 or TAT for the diagnosis of D\T. D-Di, but not TAT or F 1 + 2, follow-up seems to be of potential value for early detection of recurrency. Hemostatic activation is controlled earlier by fixed doses of a low molecular weight heparin, irrespective of the plasma anti-factor Xa activities, than by unfractionated heparin at adapted doses.

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