scholarly journals Vertical Force-velocity Profiling and Relationship to Sprinting in Elite Female Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Manson ◽  
Cody Low ◽  
Hayley Legg ◽  
Stephen D. Patterson ◽  
César Meylan
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Force Velocity

AbstractExplosive actions are integral to soccer performance and highly influenced by the ability to generate maximal power. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between force-velocity profile, jump performance, acceleration and maximal sprint speed in elite female soccer players. Thirty-nine international female soccer players (24.3±4.7 years) performed 40-m sprints, maximal countermovement jumps and five loaded squat jumps at increasing loads to determine individual force-velocity profiles. Theoretical maximal velocity, theoretical maximal force, maximal power output, one repetition maximal back squat and one repetition maximal back squat relative to body mass were determined using the force-velocity profile. Counter movement jump, squat jump and maximal power output demonstrated moderate to large correlation with acceleration and maximal sprint speed (r=− 0.32 to −0.44 and −0.32 to −0.67 respectively, p<0.05). Theoretical maximal velocity and force, one repetition maximal and relative back squat demonstrated a trivial to small relationship to acceleration and maximal sprint speed (p>0.05). Vertical force-velocity profiling and maximal strength can provide valuable insight into the neuromuscular qualities of an athlete to individualize training, but the ability to produce force, maximal power, and further transference into sprint performance, must be central to program design.

Lower Limb Force, Velocity, Power Capabilities during Leg Press and Squat Movements

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (14) ◽  
pp. 1083-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny Padulo ◽  
Gian Migliaccio ◽  
Luca Ardigò ◽  
Bruno Leban ◽  
Marco Cosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Optimal Velocity ◽  
Leg Press ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
Force Velocity

AbstractThe aim was to compare lower-limb power, force, and velocity capabilities between squat and leg press movements. Ten healthy sportsmen performed ballistic lower-limb push-offs against 5-to-12 different loads during both the squat and leg press. Individual linear force-velocity and polynomial power-velocity relationships were determined for both movements from push-off mean force and velocity measured continuously with a pressure sensor and linear encoder. Maximal power output, theoretical maximal force and velocity, force-velocity profile and optimal velocity were computed. During the squat, maximal power output (17.7±3.59 vs. 10.9±1.39 W·kg−1), theoretical maximal velocity (1.66±0.29 vs. 0.88±0.18 m·s−1), optimal velocity (0.839±0.144 vs. 0.465±0.107 m·s−1), and force-velocity profile (−27.2±8.5 vs. −64.3±29.5 N·s·m−1·kg−1) values were significantly higher than during the leg press (p=0.000, effect size=1.72–3.23), whereas theoretical maximal force values (43.1±8.6 vs. 51.9±14.0 N·kg−1, p=0.034, effect size=0.75) were significantly lower. The mechanical capabilities of the lower-limb extensors were different in the squat compared with the leg press with higher maximal power due to much higher velocity capabilities (e.g. ability to produce force at high velocities) even if moderately lower maximal force qualities.

scholarly journals Jump height is a poor indicator of lower limb maximal power output: theoretical demonstration, experimental evidence and practical solutions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Benoit Morin ◽  
Pedro Jiménez-Reyes ◽  
Matt Brughelli ◽  
Pierre Samozino
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Computation Method ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Force Velocity

Lower limb maximal power output (Pmax) is a key physical component of performance in many sports. During squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests, athletes produce high amounts of mechanical work over a short duration to displace their body mass (i.e. the dimension of mechanical power). Thus, jump height has been frequently used by the sports science and medicine communities as an indicator of Pmax. However, in this article, we contended that SJ and CMJ height are in fact poor indicators of Pmax in trained populations. To support our opinion, we first detailed why, theoretically, jump height and Pmax are not fully related. Specifically, we demonstrated that individual body mass, distance of push-off, optimal loading and force-velocity characteristics confound the jump height-Pmax relationship. We also discussed the poor relationship between SJ or CMJ height and Pmax measured with a force plate based on data reported in the literature, which added to our own experimental evidence.Finally, we discussed the limitations of existing practical solutions (regression-based estimation equations and allometric scaling), and advocated using a valid, reliable and simple field-based procedure to compute individual Pmax directly from jump height, body mass and push-off distance. The latter may allow researchers and practitioners to reduce bias in their assessment of Pmax by using jump height as an input with a simple yet accurate computation method, and not as the first/only variable of interest.

Differences in Sprint Mechanical Force–Velocity Profile Between Trained Soccer and Futsal Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Jiménez-Reyes ◽  
Amador García-Ramos ◽  
Victor Cuadrado-Peñafiel ◽  
Juan A. Párraga-Montilla ◽  
José A. Morcillo-Losa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Mechanical Force ◽  
Resultant Force ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose: To compare the sprint mechanical force–velocity (F–V) profile between soccer and futsal players. A secondary aim was, within each sport, to study the differences in sprint mechanical F–V profile between sexes and players of different levels. Methods: A total of 102 soccer players (63 men) and 77 futsal players (49 men) who were competing from the elite to amateur levels in the Spanish league participated in this investigation. The testing procedure consisted of 3 unloaded maximal 40-m sprints. The velocity–time data recorded by a radar device were used to calculate the variables of the sprint acceleration F–V profile (maximal theoretical force [F0], maximal theoretical velocity [V0], maximal power [Pmax], decrease in the ratio of horizontal to resultant force [DRF], and maximal ratio of horizontal to resultant force [RFpeak]). Results: Futsal players showed a higher F0 than soccer players (effect size [ES] range: 0.11–0.74), while V0 (ES range: −0.48 to −1.15) and DRF (ES range: −0.75 to −1.45) was higher for soccer players. No significant differences were observed between soccer and futsal players for Pmax (ES range: −0.43 to 0.19) and RFpeak (ES range: −0.49 to 0.30). Men and high-level players presented an overall enhanced F–V profile compared with women and their lower-level counterparts, respectively. Conclusions: The higher F0 and lower V0 of futsal players could be caused by the game’s specific demands (larger number of accelerations but over shorter distances than in soccer). These results show that the sprint mechanical F–V profile is able to distinguish between soccer and futsal players.

Power output and fatigue of human muscle in maximal cycling exercise

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. McCartney ◽  
G. J. Heigenhauser ◽  
N. L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output

We studied maximal torque-velocity relationships and fatigue during short-term maximal exercise on a constant velocity cycle ergometer in 13 healthy male subjects. Maximum torque showed an inverse linear relationship to crank velocity between 60 and 160 rpm, and a direct relationship to thigh muscle volume measured by computerized tomography. Peak torque per liter thigh muscle volume (PT, N X ml-1) was related to crank velocity (CV, rpm) in the following equation: PT = 61.7 - 0.234 CV (r = 0.99). Peak power output was a parabolic function of crank velocity in individual subjects, but maximal power output was achieved at varying crank velocities in different subjects. Fiber type distribution was measured in the two subjects showing the greatest differences and demonstrated that a high proportion of type II fibers may be one factor associated with a high crank velocity for maximal power output. The decline in average power during 30 s of maximal effort was least at 60 rpm (23.7 +/- 4.6% of initial maximal power) and greatest at 140 rpm (58.7 +/- 6.5%). At 60 rpm the decline in power over 30 s was inversely related to maximal oxygen uptake (ml X min-1 X kg-1) (r = 0.69). Total work performed and plasma lactate concentration 3 min after completion of 30-s maximum effort were similar for each crank velocity.

scholarly journals Aerobic efficiency is associated with the improvement in maximal power output during acute hyperoxia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e13119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom A. Manselin ◽  
Olof Södergård ◽  
Filip J. Larsen ◽  
Peter Lindholm
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output

Effect of inspired O2 concentration on leg lactate release during incremental exercise

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Knight ◽  
D. C. Poole ◽  
M. C. Hogan ◽  
D. E. Bebout ◽  
P. D. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Lactate Release ◽  
O2 Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Accumulation

The normal rate of blood lactate accumulation during exercise is increased by hypoxia and decreased by hyperoxia. It is not known whether these changes are primarily determined by the lactate release in locomotory muscles or other tissues. Eleven men performed cycle exercise at 20, 35, 50, 92, and 100% of maximal power output while breathing 12, 21, and 100% O2. Leg lactate release was calculated at each stage of exercise as the product of femoral venous blood flow (thermodilution method) and femoral arteriovenous difference in blood lactate concentrations. Regression analysis showed that leg lactate release accounted for 90% of the variability in mean arterial lactate concentration at 20-92% maximal power output. This relationship was described by a regression line with a slope of 0.28 +/- 0.02 min/l and a y-intercept of 1.06 +/- 0.38 mmol/l (r2 = 0.90). There was no effect of inspired O2 concentration on this relationship (P > 0.05). We conclude that during continuous incremental exercise to fatigue the effect of inspired O2 concentration on blood lactate accumulation is principally determined by the rate of net lactate release in blood vessels of the locomotory muscles.

Interrelationships among Jumping Power, Sprinting Power and Pubertal Status after Controlling for Size in Young Male Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani S. Cunha ◽  
Sean P. Cumming ◽  
João Valente-dos-Santos ◽  
João P. Duarte ◽  
Gustavo Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Large Effect Size ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Pubertal Status ◽  
Small Effect Size

This study examined power output on jumping and sprinting tests in young soccer players of differing pubertal status, while controlling for body size with allometric scaling exponents. A total of 46 males aged 12–18 years (14.17 years) were divided into three groups: pre-pubescent ( n = 12), pubescent ( n = 22), and post-pubescent ( n = 12). Participants performed a series of tests, including the squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and 10-meter and 30-meter sprint test protocols. The Post-PUB group was older ( F = 112.411, p < 0.001), more experienced in competitive soccer ( F = 8.055, p = 0.001), taller ( F = 28.940, p < 0.001), and heavier ( F = 20.618, p < 0.001), when compared to peers in the other groups. Mean differences in jumping and sprinting performances suggested a significant effect for pubertal status on performance in the 10-meter sprint (large effect size, F = 8.191, p < 0.001) and 30-meter sprint (large effect size, F = 8.093, p < 0.001) after allometric scaling. Power output derived from SJ (small effect size, F = 0.536, p = 0.001) and CMJ (small effect size, F = 1.058, p = 0.356) showed no significant differences across players of varying pubertal status. Biological maturation showed a large effect on maximal power output for sprints, but not for jumps, when the effect of body size was adjusted by statistically derived allometric exponents in young male soccer players.

scholarly journals Maximal power output of a stochastic thermodynamic engine

Automatica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 109366
Author(s):  
Rui Fu ◽  
Amirhossein Taghvaei ◽  
Yongxin Chen ◽  
Tryphon T. Georgiou
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output
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