Altering Physical Activity Influences Insulin Responses to Glucose Ingestion in Healthy Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (13) ◽  
pp. 972-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Timmerman ◽  
Kevin Ballard ◽  
Gabrielle Volk ◽  
Michael Deal ◽  
Adam Meisler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Glucose Ingestion

AbstractThis study determined if varying physical activity (PA) the day prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) differentially influenced postprandial glucose and insulin kinetics. Fifteen healthy, young adults participated in three OGTT trials the morning after performing 50% (LOW), 100% (HABITUAL), or 150% (HIGH) of their habitual PA (determined by 7-day pedometry). Trials were randomized and separated by at least 1-wk. For each OGTT trial, blood glucose and insulin were measured after an overnight fast and at 30-min intervals for 2 h following ingestion of the glucose beverage. Between-trial differences were analyzed using a general linear model with repeated measures. Subjects successfully achieved the desired percentage of habitual steps prior to each trial: LOW: 51±5%, HABITUAL: 99±6%, and HIGH: 149±9%. Fasting blood glucose and glucose total area under the curve (AUC) did not differ between trials. Serum insulin AUC was lower (p<0.05) following the HIGH (34,158±8,786 pmol·min·L−1) compared to the LOW (40,738±9,276 pmol·min·L−1) trial. No differences were observed when the LOW and HIGH trials were compared to HABITUAL. These data suggest that varying the PA level (from 50 to 150% of habitual PA) the day prior to an OGTT influences the insulin (but not blood glucose) response to an OGTT.

Five batches representative of Ontario-grown American ginseng root produce comparable reductions of postprandial glycemia in healthy individualsThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 856-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaria Dascalu ◽  
John L. Sievenpiper ◽  
Alexandra L. Jenkins ◽  
Mark P. Stavro ◽  
Lawrence A. Leiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Ginseng Root ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Natural Health Products ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia

Evidence indicates that the glycemia-lowering effect of American ginseng root may be batch dependent. We therefore evaluated the effect of 5 root batches, representative of Ontario-grown American ginseng, on postprandial glucose and insulin indices. Twelve healthy subjects (5 male, 7 female), mean ± SE age 26.5 ± 2 years, body mass index 23.96 ± 3.41 kg/m2, fasting blood glucose 4.77 ± 0.04 mmol/L, were assigned to consume 9 g of American ginseng from 5 farms (A–E), administered in randomized sequence on 5 separate visits, and a water-control during the 6th and last visit. Treatments were consumed 40 min before a 2-hour 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured at baseline, before, and during the test. Compared with control, batches A and C reduced glucose incremental area under the curve (IAUC) by 35.2% (156 vs. 240 mmol·min/L) and 32.6% (162 vs. 240 mmol·min/L), respectively. Batches A, C, and E reduced incremental peak glucose by 1.3, 1.2, and 1.1 mmol/L, respectively. Batch C reduced the insulin IAUC by 27.7% (15.8 vs. 21.8 nmol·min/L). Effects on glucose and insulin parameters were not different across ginseng treatments. The mean of the 5 ginseng treatments reduced peak postprandial glucose by 1.0 mmol/L, glucose IAUC by 27.7% (173 vs. 240 mmol·min/L), and insulin IAUC by 23.8% (16.6 vs. 21.8 nmol·min/L) relative to control. (All results statistically significant at p < 0.05.) American ginseng decreased postprandial glycemia and insulinemia; however, 40% of the batches did not reduce glycemia with the anticipated magnitude, irrespective of their saponin composition.

Assessment of red blood cell glutathione status in insulin resistance

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1002
Author(s):  
Jose E. Galgani ◽  
Karla Vasquez ◽  
Giannella Leonelli ◽  
Alejandra Espinosa ◽  
Hector Araya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Glucose Ingestion ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this study was to assess red blood cell glutathione from insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant individuals before and after an oral glucose dose. Fifteen healthy, young (24 ± 5 years), nonobese (23 ± 2 kg·m–2), insulin-sensitive (ISI composite = 6.0 ± 1.2) individuals and 14 healthy, young (22 ± 2 years), nonobese (24 ± 2 kg·m–2), insulin-resistant (ISI composite = 2.7 ± 1.1) individuals received a 75 g oral glucose dose. Blood samples were drawn before and for 2 h after glucose ingestion for red blood cell glutathione and serum glucose and insulin concentrations. Glycemia before and after glucose ingestion was similar between groups (p = 0.17), which suggest that hyperinsulinemia compensated impaired insulin sensitivity. Red blood cell total (p = 0.81), reduced (p = 0.79), and oxidized (p = 0.88) glutathione concentrations were similar between groups under fasting and postprandial conditions. However, in response to glucose, increases in total and reduced glutathione concentrations were found at the end of the 2 h assessment period in both groups (p < 0.05). Direct associations between postprandial glucose response and red blood cell total (r = 0.52; p < 0.05) and oxidized (r = 0.61; p = 0.02) glutathione concentrations were observed only in insulin-sensitive subjects. In conclusion, healthy individuals differing in their degree of insulin resistance showed similar red blood cell glutathione concentrations under non-glucose- and glucose-stimulated conditions.

scholarly journals The Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Metabolic Syndrome and Body Composition in Male Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Teimour Darzabi ◽  
◽  
Keyvan Hejazi ◽  
Hossein Shahrokhi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Study Results

Background: Diabetes and cardiovascular disease, as the two major consequences of metabolic syndrome, can lead to some complications, like fatty liver disease. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ramadan fasting on metabolic syndrome and body composition in fasting and non-fasting male students. Methods: This was an outcome research with a quasi-experimental design. A total of 29 male students were selected by convenience sampling method. Those who intended to fast were placed in one group (n=15) and other students in the non-fasting group (n=14). The serum levels of biochemical and hematological factors and atherogenic indexes were measured three days before the fasting month and after Ramadan. The obtained data were analyzed by repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SPSS. The significance level was set at P≤0.05. Results: The present study results suggested that weight (79.96±5.32 vs. 79.16±5.43 kg; P=0.001), body mass index (25.03±2.33 vs. 24.78±2.36 kg/m2; P=0.001), waist circumference (104.86±4.18 vs. 101.86±5.28 cm; P=0.001), hip circumference (96.33±6.58 vs. 95.42±6.14 cm; P=0.002), waist to hip ratio (1.09±0.06 vs. 1.07±0.07 cm; P=0.008), fasting blood glucose (86.46±4.74 vs. 79.93±7.54 mg/dL; P= 0.002), insulin (12.95±6.96 vs. 9.65±4.57 mg/dL; P=0.03), insulin resistance (49.74±2.70 vs. 33.89±1.49; P=0.001), and Triglyceride (TG) levels (75.00±15.15 vs. 67.93±16.26 mg/dL; P=0.03 ) have decreased significantly at the end of fasting period. The HDL-C levels (38.66±4.09 vs. 42.46±5.19 mg/dL; P= 0.004) significantly increased in the fasting group. Conclusion: According to the obtained data, fasting led to some alternations in body composition and serum insulin, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile. Therefore, to benefit from this holy month, it is crucial for male nursing students to include nutrients in their diet during Ramadan.

scholarly journals Determination of Postprandial Glycemic Responses by Continuous Glucose Monitoring in a Real-World Setting

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2305
Author(s):  
Röhling ◽  
Martin ◽  
Wonnemann ◽  
Kragl ◽  
Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Glucose Testing

Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose using capillary glucose testing (C) has a number of shortcomings compared to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). We aimed to compare these two methods and used blood glucose measurements in venous blood (IV) as a reference. Postprandial blood glucose levels were measured after 50 g oral glucose load and after the consumption of a portion of different foods containing 50 g of carbohydrates. We also evaluated the associations between postprandial glucose responses and the clinical characteristics of the participants at the beginning of the study. Methods: 12 healthy volunteers (age: 36 ± 17 years, BMI: 24.9 ± 3.5 kg/m²) ate white bread (WB) and whole grain (WG) bread and drank a 50 g glucose drink as reference. Postprandial glucose responses were evaluated by CGM, IV and C blood glucose measurements. Incremental area under the curve (AUCi) of postprandial blood glucose was calculated for 1 h (AUCi 0-60) and 2 h (AUCi 0-120). Results: After the consumption of white bread and whole grain bread, the AUCi 0-60 min did not differ between CGM and IV or C. AUCi 0-120 min of CGM showed no difference compared to C. Correlation analyses revealed a positive association of age with glucose AUCi 0-120 (r = 0.768; P = 0.004) and WG AUCi 0-120 (r = 0.758; P = 0.004); fasting blood glucose correlated with WG AUCi 0-120 (r = 0.838; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Despite considerable inter-individual variability of postprandial glycemic responses, CGM evaluated postprandial glycemic excursions which had comparable results compared to standard blood glucose measurements under real-life conditions. Associations of AUCi 0-60 and AUCi 0-120 postprandial glucose response with age or fasting blood glucose could be shown.

scholarly journals Blood Glucose Relationship to Fasting Blood Lipids, Acylated Ghrelin, and Response to Carbonated and Flavored Beverage Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 612-612
Author(s):  
Joleen Barnett ◽  
Emily Heying ◽  
Alexa Evenson ◽  
Annaliese Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Abstract Objectives The objective was to 1) determine if carbonation, flavor, and sweetness in beverages impact blood glucose response after consumption and 2) to determine if there is a relationship between fasting glucose concentrations, acylated ghrelin, and blood lipid concentrations. Methods Participants (males n = 11, females n = 14) aged 23–65, BMI &lt; 30 kg/m2, and no reported chronic disease participated in a single-blinded randomized crossover design. Participants completed six data collections, arriving four hours fasted and consuming one of six different beverages (water, carbonated-no flavor [CNF], carbonated lime flavor [CL], degassed lime flavor [DL], carbonated lime flavor with aspartame [CLS], and degassed lime flavor with aspartame [DLS]). Blood was collected via finger stick at 0 (baseline), followed by beverage consumption, and then collected at 10 and 45 minutes post consumption into EDTA microtainers. A cholestec machine, ELISA assay, and glucometer were used to measure blood lipids, acylated ghrelin, and blood glucose concentrations, respectively. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine differences in glucose response. Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationships between variables. Results Blood glucose concentrations did not differ based on beverage, time, or an interaction between the two (P &gt; 0.05). The average blood glucose concentration among beverage and time points was 96.68 + 7.76 mg/dL (mean ± SD). There was no correlation between fasting blood glucose (0 min), acylated ghrelin, or any blood lipid measurements (P &gt; 0.05). There was a correlation between LDL and total cholesterol concentrations (r = .780, P = &lt; 0.0001) and between HDL and LDL concentrations (r = –.417, P = 0.038). Conclusions HDL and LDL were negatively correlated and LDL and total cholesterol were positively correlated in adults with BMI &lt; 30 kg/m2.  Carbonation, flavor, and artificially sweetened beverages have limited impact on blood glucose change after beverage consumption. Funding Sources This work was funded by the College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University Faculty Development Grant and CSB/SJU Undergraduate Research Grant.

scholarly journals Degraded Sericin Significantly Regulates Blood Glucose Levels and Improves Impaired Liver Function in T2D Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Heng-Da Wang ◽  
Zhi-Hao Zhong ◽  
Yu-Jie Weng ◽  
Zhen-Zhen Wei ◽  
Yu-Qing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Impaired Liver Function ◽  
Liver And Pancreas

Sericin could be degraded well into low-molecular-weight sericin (SS) through a novel and environmentally friendly recycling process using an ultrasonically degumming method in Ca(OH)2 aqueous solution. The oral administration of the SS has an evidently hypoglycemic effect on STZ-induced T2D rats. At oral doses of 2.5 and 5% SS for four weeks, the fasting blood glucose decreased by over 60% compared with that in the untreated model group. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were ameliorated by the peptide treatment. The serum insulin level was reduced by approximately 35%, the insulin resistance index was reduced by more than 66%. The 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine level showed a large reduction of 20%, and the total antioxidant activities significantly increased. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and fluorescent immunostaining sections showed that liver and pancreas damage was partly recovered in T2D rats. In summary, oral SS demonstrated evidently hypoglycemic effects mainly related to reducing oxidative stress in the damaged liver and pancreas of T2D rats. Therefore, these results have suggested that the degraded sericin has a potential use in SS-based healthy functional food or hypoglycemic drugs as a waste recovered from sericulture resources.

scholarly journals Gamma-Polyglutamic Acid-Rich Natto Suppresses Postprandial Blood Glucose Response in the Early Phase after Meals: A Randomized Crossover Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2374
Author(s):  
Risa Araki ◽  
Takeshi Yamada ◽  
Kazushi Maruo ◽  
Akihiro Araki ◽  
Rena Miyakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Polyglutamic Acid ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
The Difference

We evaluated the suppressive effects of high-gamma-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) natto on postprandial blood glucose level and insulin response. After confirming the eligibility of candidates using a pre-selective test with packaged white rice, a meal loading test including low- or high-γ-PGA natto (with 57.6 mg (LPGA) and 439.6 mg (HPGA) of γ-PGA, respectively) was conducted in men aged 20 to 70 years (n = 29) and postmenopausal women aged ≤70 years (n = 7). On each examination day, blood samples were obtained after they fasted overnight and for 120 min after test meal loading. The primary outcome of this study was the difference between the measurements of the incremental area under the curve (IAUC) for blood glucose 0 to 30 min after loading of LPGA and HPGA meals. The IAUCs for blood glucose and insulin after the HPGA meal were lower than those after the LPGA meal within 45 min (0 to 15 and 0 to 30 min: p < 0.001, 0 to 45 min: p < 0.01) and 1 h (all p < 0.001) of loading, respectively. The suppressive effects of HPGA natto on postprandial glucose response in the early phase, which possibly relates to the risk of dysglycemia and cardiovascular disease, were clarified.

Acute effects of extruded pea fractions on glycemic response, insulin, appetite, and food intake in healthy young adults, results of a double blind, randomized crossover trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alie J Johnston ◽  
Rebecca C. Mollard ◽  
Dianna Dandeneau ◽  
Dylan S. MacKay ◽  
Nancy Ames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Pea Starch ◽  
Oat Flour

Benefits of pulse consumption on glycemic control are well established; however, research examining the effects of pulse fractions incorporated into extruded products is limited. In a randomized, repeated-measures crossover study, adults (n = 26) consumed cereals made with: oat flour (control), oat flour and pea starch (starch), oat flour and pea protein (protein), oat flour, pea starch and pea protein (starch+protein), oat flour, pea fibre and pea protein (fibre+protein), and pea fibre, pea starch and pea protein (fibre+starch+protein). Blood glucose (BG) and insulin concentrations, and appetite incremental area under the curve (iAUC ) were calculated pre (0-120 min) and post (120-200 min) the ad libitum meal for measurement of food intake. Pre-meal, overall mean BG and iAUC were lower following the protein, starch+protein, protein+fibre, and the fibre+starch+protein cereals compared to the starch and control. For pre-meal overall mean insulin concentrations, fibre+protein led to a lower response compared to control, starch+protein, and protein cereals. Fibre+starch+protein also led to lower insulin compared to protein cereal. Pre-meal insulin iAUC was lower following fibre+protein compared to control and protein cereals. The inclusion of yellow pea protein and fibre in oat-based breakfast cereal reduces postprandial glycemia, however this effect is dependent on fraction type. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02366572. Novelty bullets: 1) Inclusion of pulse protein and fibre in oat flour-based breakfast cereal reduces postprandial glucose response. 2) The glycemic benefits of whole pulses are at least somewhat retained in some pulse fractions

Anti-Diabetic and Angio-Protective Effect of Guluronic Acid (G2013) as a New Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug in the Experimental Model of Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-452
Author(s):  
Seyed S. Mortazavi-Jahromi ◽  
Shahab Alizadeh ◽  
Mohammad H. Javanbakht ◽  
Abbas Mirshafiey
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Guluronic Acid

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of guluronic acid (G2013) on blood sugar, insulin, and gene expression profile of oxLDL receptors (SR-A, CD36, LOX-1, and CD68) in the experimental model of diabetes. Methods: 18 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups of healthy control, diabetic control, and G2013 group. Diabetes was induced through intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. The subjects were IP treated with 25 mg/kg of G2013 per day for 28 days. The body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose and insulin were measured. In addition, the expression of mentioned genes was investigated through quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The data showed that the final weight increased significantly in the G2013-treated subjects compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). The results indicated that final food intake significantly reduced in the G2013-treated subjects compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). The study findings also suggested that the final fasting blood glucose significantly reduced in the G2013-treated group, whereas the final fasting serum insulin level significantly increased in this group compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). Moreover, the gene expression levels of SR-A, CD36, LOX-1, and CD68 in the G2013 group significantly reduced compared to the diabetic control (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that G2013, could reduce blood glucose and increase insulin levels and reduce the gene expression level of oxLDL receptors. In addition, it may probably play an important role in reducing the severity of diabetes-induced inflammatory symptoms.

scholarly journals Effects of intermittent (5:2) or continuous energy restriction on basal and postprandial metabolism: a randomised study in normal-weight, young participants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangfan Gao ◽  
Kostas Tsintzas ◽  
Ian A. Macdonald ◽  
Sally M. Cordon ◽  
Moira A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Postprandial Metabolism ◽  
Continuous Energy ◽  
Time Interaction

Abstract Background/objectives Intermittent energy restriction (IER) may overcome poor long-term adherence with continuous energy restriction (CER), for weight reduction. We compared the effects of IER with CER for fasting and postprandial metabolism and appetite in metabolically healthy participants, in whom excess weight would not confound intrinsic metabolic differences. Subjects/methods In a 2-week randomised, parallel trial, 16 young, healthy-weight participants were assigned to either CER (20% below estimated energy requirements (EER)) or 5:2 IER (70% below EER on 2 non-consecutive days; 5 days at EER, per week). Metabolic and appetite regulation markers were assessed before and for 3 h after a liquid breakfast; followed by an ad libitum lunch; pre- and post-intervention. Results Weight loss was similar in both groups: −2.5 (95% CI, −3.4, −1.6) kg for 5:2 IER vs. −2.3 (−2.9, −1.7) kg for CER. There were no differences between groups for postprandial incremental area under the curve for serum insulin, blood glucose or subjective appetite ratings. Compared with CER, 5:2 IER led to a reduction in fasting blood glucose concentrations (treatment-by-time interaction, P = 0.018, η2p = 0.14). Similarly, compared with CER, there were beneficial changes in fasting composite appetite scores after 5:2 IER (treatment-by-time interaction, P = 0.0003, η2p = 0.35). Conclusions There were no significant differences in postprandial insulinaemic, glycaemic or appetite responses between treatments. However, 5:2 IER resulted in greater improvements in fasting blood glucose, and beneficial changes in fasting subjective appetite ratings.

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