Visual Estimation of Finger Angles: Do we Need Goniometers?

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. ROSE ◽  
C. C. NDUKA ◽  
J. A. PEREIRA ◽  
M. A. PICKFORD ◽  
H. J. C. R. BELCHER
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Hand Surgery ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Resin Cast

Seventy-one plastic surgeons and therapists, of varying levels of seniority and experience, were asked to examine a resin cast of an adult male hand and use estimation to measure the angles of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of each digit. Visual estimation by all subjects was inaccurate by a mean of approximately 25% (median percentage error 22, range 1–100). Consultants were the most accurate, whilst physiotherapists were the least. Regular goniometer users were no more accurate. However, hand surgery experience correlated with accuracy, as did a stated interest in hand surgery. Although visual accuracy improves with experience, it is still an inaccurate technique. We, therefore, recommend that goniometers should be used for measuring angles in hand surgery patients.

Assessing angulation on digital images of radiographs of fractures of the distal radius: visual estimation versus computer software measurement

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. J. Robertson ◽  
B. F. M. Robertson ◽  
B. Thomas ◽  
J. McEachan ◽  
D. M. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Distal Radius ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Radius Fractures ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Observer Reliability ◽  
Dorsal Angulation

We assessed the reliability of visual estimation of angles on computer images of radiographs, and compared their accuracy with the measurement of angles using computer software for ten distal radius fractures. We asked 73 clinicians to visually estimate the dorsal angulation on ten computerized radiographs of fractures of the distal radius. The reliability of these estimations was calculated. Their accuracy was compared to a ‘gold standard’ obtained by consensus agreement between three consultants measuring these angles using the software. Inter-observer reliability was calculated as ICC = 0.51 and intra-observer reliability as r = 0.76. The visual estimations were less accurate with a mean percentage error of 31% (range, 7–83%). As angulation increased the estimation accuracy improved. Although reliability and accuracy of such estimation was better for clinicians with greater experience, actual measurement was more reliable and accurate.

scholarly journals Validity and Acceptability of Wearable Devices for Monitoring Step-Count and Activity Minutes Among People With Multiple Sclerosis

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Lavelle ◽  
Meriel Norris ◽  
Julie Flemming ◽  
Jamie Harper ◽  
Joan Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Step Count ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Median Percentage

Multiple wearable devices that purport to measure physical activity are widely available to consumers. While they may support increases in physical activity among people with multiple sclerosis (MS) by providing feedback on their performance, there is little information about the validity and acceptability of these devices. Providing devices that are perceived as inaccurate and difficult to use may have negative consequences for people with MS, rather than supporting participation in physical activity. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess the validity and acceptability of commercially available devices for monitoring step-count and activity time among people with MS. Nineteen ambulatory adults with MS [mean (SD) age 52.1 (11.9) years] participated in the study. Step-count was assessed using five commercially available devices (Fitbit Alta, Fitbit Zip, Garmin Vivofit 4, Yamax Digi Walker SW200, and Letscom monitor) and an activPAL3μ while completing nine everyday activities. Step-count was also manually counted. Time in light activity, moderate-to-vigorous activity, and total activity were measured during activities using an Actigraph GT3X accelerometer. Of the 19 participants who completed the validity study, fifteen of these people also wore the five commercially available devices for three consecutive days each, and participated in a semi-structured interview regarding their perception of the acceptability of the monitors. Mean percentage error for step-count ranged from 12.1% for the Yamax SW200 to −112.3% for the Letscom. Mean step-count as manually determined differed to mean step-count measured by the Fitbit Alta (p = 0.002), Garmin vivofit 4 (p < 0.001), Letscom (p < 0.001) and the research standard device, the activPAL3μ (p < 0.001). However, 95% limits of agreement were smallest for the activPAL3μ and largest for the Fitbit Alta. Median percentage error for activity minutes was 52.9% for the Letscom and 100% for the Garmin Vivofit 4 and Fitbit Alta compared to minutes in total activity. Three inductive themes were generated from participant accounts: Interaction with device; The way the device looks and feels; Functionality. In conclusion, commercially available devices demonstrated poor criterion validity when measuring step-count and activity time in people with MS. This negatively affected the acceptability of devices, with perceived inaccuracies causing distrust and frustration. Additional considerations when designing devices for people with MS include an appropriately sized and lit display and ease of attaching and charging devices.

scholarly journals Predictive Capacity of the MADYMO Multibody Human Body Model Applied to Head Kinematics During Rugby Union Tackles

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Tierney ◽  
Ciaran Simms
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
3D Motion ◽  
Head Kinematics ◽  
Lower Trunk

Multibody models have not yet been evaluated for reconstructing head kinematics during sports impacts. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to utilise whole-body motion data from twenty upper and mid/lower trunk rugby shoulder tackles recorded in a marker-based 3D motion analysis laboratory to assess the MADYMO human body passive ellipsoid model for head kinematic reconstruction. Head linear and angular velocity during the tackle for the multibody model predictions and 3D motion laboratory measures were recorded for the ball carrier. Examined were the linear and angular velocity, as well as the absolute and percentage differences. For upper trunk tackles, the median percentage error (with quartiles) for the MADYMO predictions were 10% (6% to 45%) and 23% (16% to 39%) for change in head linear and angular velocity, respectively. For mid/lower trunk tackles, the median percentage error (with quartiles) for the MADYMO predictions were 46% (33% to 63%) and 60% (53% to 123%) for change in head linear and angular velocity, respectively. In conclusion, the model is currently unsuitable for reconstruction of head kinematics during individual rugby union tackle cases.

Alteration of Mitochondria in Oxythiamine-Induced, Acute Thiamine Deficiency in the Mouse

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
Itaru Watanabe ◽  
Dante G. Scarpelli
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fatty Change ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ad Libitum

Acute thiamine deficiency was produced in mice by the administration of oxythiamine, a thiamine analogue, superimposed upon a thiamine deficient diet. Adult male Swiss mice (30 gm. B.W.) were fed with a thiamine deficient diet ad libitumand were injected with oxythiamine (170 mg/Kg B.W.) subcutaneously on days 4 and 10. On day 11, severe lassitude and anorexia developed, followed by death within 48 hours. The animals treated daily with subcutaneous injections of thiamine (300 μg/Kg B.W.) from day 11 through 15 were kept alive. Similarly, feeding with a diet containing thiamine (600 μg/Kg B.W./day) from day 9 through 17 reversed the condition. During this time period, no fatal illness occurred in the controls which were pair-fed with a thiamine deficient diet.The oxythiamine-treated mice showed a significant enlargement of the liver, which weighed approximately 1.5 times as much as that of the pair-fed controls. By light and electron microscopy, the hepatocytes were markedly swollen due to severe fatty change and swelling of the mitochondria.

Scanning electron microscopy of the integument of schistosoma rodhaini

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
P. Evers ◽  
C. Schutte ◽  
C. D. Dettman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Oral Sucker ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
East African ◽  
Dorsal Midline ◽  
Scanning Electron

S.rodhaini (Brumpt 1931) is a parasite of East African rodents which may possibly hybridize with the human schistosome S. mansoni. The adult male at maturity measures approximately 3mm long and possesses both oral and ventral suckers and a marked gynaecophoric canal. The oral sucker is surrounded by a ring of sensory receptors with a large number of inwardly-pointing spines set into deep sockets occupying the bulk of the ventral surface of the sucker. Numbers of scattered sensory receptors are found on both dorsal and ventral surfaces of the head (Fig. 1) together with two conspicuous rows of receptors situated symmetrically on each side of the midline. One row extends along the dorsal surface of the head midway between the dorsal midline and the lateral margin.

An Ultrastructural Comparison of Hepatocytes from ADH+ and ADH−Peromyscus Maniculatus

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
J. T. Ellzey ◽  
D. Borunda ◽  
B. P. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Model System ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Hepes Buffer ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Color Scanner

Genetically alcohol deficient deer mice (ADHN/ADHN) (obtained from the Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, Univ. of South Carolina) lack hepatic cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase. In order to determine if these deer mice would provide a model system for an ultrastructural study of the effects of ethanol on hepatocyte organelles, 75 micrographs of ADH+ adult male deer mice (n=5) were compared with 75 micrographs of ADH− adult male deer mice (n=5). A morphometric analysis of mitochondrial and peroxisomal parameters was undertaken.The livers were perfused with 0.1M HEPES buffer followed by 0.25% glutaraldehyde and 2% sucrose in 0.1M HEPES buffer (4C), removed, weighed and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M HEPES buffer, pH 7.4, followed by a 3,3’ diaminobenzidine (DAB) incubation, postfixation with 2% OsO4, en bloc staining with 1% uranyl acetate in 0.025M maleate-NaOH buffer, dehydrated, embedded in Poly/Bed 812-BDMA epon resin, sectioned and poststained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Photographs were taken on a Zeiss EM-10 transmission electron microscope, scanned with a Howtek personal color scanner, analyzed with OPTIMAS 4.02 software on a Gateway2000 4DX2-66V personal computer and stored in Excel 4.0.

Preliminary research of the aldosterone synthesized by bone morrow stem cells of adult male ratsin vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S43-S43
Author(s):  
Wei‑ying Zou ◽  
Bei Yang ◽  
Xiuli Ni ◽  
Da‑lei Zhang ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
Bone Morrow

Observer Agreement on Disfluency and Stuttering

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Curlee
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Student ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Observer Agreement

Groups of undergraduate and graduate stndent listeners identified the stutterings and disfluencies of eight adult male stutterers during videotaped samples of their reading and speaking. Stuttering and disfluency loci were assigned to words or to intervals between words. The data indicated that stuttering and disfluency are not two reliable and unambiguous response classes and are not usually assigned to different, nonoverlapping behaviors. Furthermore, judgments of stuttering and disfluency were distributed similarly across words and intervals. For both undergraduate and graduate student listeners, there was relatively low unit-by-unit agreement among listeners and within the same listeners from one judgment session to another.

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