Long-term oral contraceptive use increased the risk of cervical cancer in HPV-positive women

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Bosetti ◽  
Carlo La Vecchia
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use

Hepatocellular carcinoma in long-term oral contraceptive use

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 372-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Isabel Fiel ◽  
Albert Min ◽  
Michael A. Gerber ◽  
Bridget Faire ◽  
Myron Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use

scholarly journals The risk of breast, cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer in oral contraceptive users

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 657-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Veljkovic ◽  
Slavimir Veljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction. Oral contraceptives, mainly combined monophasic pills, are widely used by young women who expect their physicians to prescribe them safe drugs which will not harm their health and which will simplify their life. Numerous epidemiologic studies have been performed to determine the relation between oral contraceptive use and the development of neoplasms. Breast cancer. An increased incidence of breast cancer has occurred simultaneously with the growing use of oral contraceptives. The possibility of a link between the oral contraceptive use and breast cancer has led to intensive research, but studies have provided inconsistent results causing confusion among clinicians. It was noticed that the risk of breast cancer was slightly elevated in current and recent young oral contraceptives users. That finding could be influenced by a detection bias or could be due to the biologic effect of the pills. The absolute number of additional breast cancer cases will be very small because of low baseline incidence of the disease in young women. Oral contraceptives probably promote growth of the already existing cancer, they are probably promoters not initiators of breast cancer. The available data do not provide a conclusive answer that is need. Cervical cancer. Numerous factors may influence the development of cervical cancer. The evidence suggests that current and recent oral contraceptive users have an increased risk of cervical cancer which decline after discontinuation of the application of medication. Oral contraceptives might increase the biological vulnerability of the cervix. Cervical cancer develops slowly over a long time period and can be effectively prevented by periodic cervical screening. Fortunately, oral contraceptives do not mask abnormal cervical citology. Conclusions regarding invasive cervical cancer and oral contraceptive use are not definitive but if there is any increased risk, it is low. Endometrial cancer. In oral contraceptive users the endometrium is almost under the influence of progestin component which suppresses endometrial mitotic activity and its proliferation. Most epidemiologic studies show that oral contraceptives reduce the risk of endometrial cancer and that this protective effect exists many years after the discontinuation of medication. Ovarian cancer. It has been long known that the oral contraceptive use causes protective an ovulation and reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. This powerful reduction is the best demonstrated major benefit of oral contraception. This protection is especially observed in nulliparous and seems to persist for many years after the discontinuation of medication.

scholarly journals No compelling evidence that preferences for facial masculinity track changes in women’s hormonal status

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict C Jones ◽  
Amanda C Hahn ◽  
Claire I Fisher ◽  
Hongyi Wang ◽  
Michal Kandrik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Facial Masculinity ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Women’S Preferences

AbstractAlthough widely cited as strong evidence that sexual selection has shaped human facial attractiveness judgments, evidence that preferences for masculine characteristics in men’s faces are related to women’s hormonal status is equivocal and controversial. Consequently, we conducted the largest ever longitudinal study of the hormonal correlates of women’s preferences for facial masculinity (N=584). Analyses showed no compelling evidence that preferences for facial masculinity were related to changes in women’s salivary steroid hormone levels. Furthermore, both within-subject and between-subject comparisons showed no evidence that oral contraceptive use decreased masculinity preferences. However, women generally preferred masculinized over feminized versions of men’s faces, particularly when assessing men’s attractiveness for short-term, rather than long-term, relationships. Our results do not support the hypothesized link between women’s preferences for facial masculinity and their hormonal status.

scholarly journals Association Between Long-term Oral Contraceptive Use and Risk of Crohn’s Disease Complications in a Nationwide Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (7) ◽  
pp. 1561-1567.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Khalili ◽  
Fredrik Granath ◽  
Karin E. Smedby ◽  
Anders Ekbom ◽  
Martin Neovius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use
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