The effect of growth of nasopharyngeal structures in velopharyngeal closure in patients with repaired cleft palate and controls without clefts:a cephalometric study

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Satoh ◽  
T. Wada ◽  
T. Tachimura ◽  
R. Shiba
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
Cephalometric Study

Change in Levator Veli Palatini Muscle Activity for Patients with Cleft Palate in Association with Placement of a Speech-Aid Prosthesis

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Tachimura ◽  
Kanji Nohara ◽  
Yoshinori Fujita ◽  
Takeshi Wada
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Levator Veli Palatini ◽  
Velopharyngeal Incompetence ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
The Mean

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine whether a speech-aid prosthesis normalizes the activity of the levator veli palatini muscle for patients with cleft palate who exhibit velopharyngeal incompetence. Design: Each subject was instructed to produce repetitions of /mu/, /u/, /pu/, /su/, and /tsu/ and to blow with maximum possible effort. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the levator veli palatini muscle was recorded with and without a hybrid speech-aid prosthesis in place. Participants: The participants were five patients with repaired cleft palate who were routinely wearing a hybrid speech-aid prosthesis. Results: With the prosthesis in place, the mean value of levator activity changed positively in relation to oral air-pressure change during blowing. Differences in levator activity in relation to speech samples were similar to those in normal speakers. With the prosthesis in place, levator activity for speech tasks was less than 50% of the maximum levator activity for all subjects. The findings were similar to those reported previously for normal speakers. Conclusion: Placement of the prosthesis changed EMG activity levels of the levator veli palatini muscle to levels that are similar to normal speakers. It is possible that, with the increase in the differential levator activity between speech and a maximum force task, the velopharyngeal mechanism has a greater reserve capacity to maintain velopharyngeal closure compared with the noprosthesis condition.

Induced Velopharyngeal Fatigue Effects in Speakers with Repaired Palatal Clefts

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerald B. Moon ◽  
David P. Kuehn ◽  
Grace Chan ◽  
Lili Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Pressure Load ◽  
Nasal Side ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
Cleft Palate Repair ◽  
Palate Repair ◽  
Nasal Pressure ◽  
Force Data

Objective: To address whether speakers with cleft palate exhibit velopharyngeal mechanism fatigue and are more susceptible to muscle fatigue than are speakers without cleft palate. Methods: Six adults with repaired palatal clefts and mild-moderate hypernasality served as subjects. Velopharyngeal closure force and levator veli palatini muscle activity were recorded. Subjects were asked to repeat /si/ 100 times while an external load consisting of air pressure (0, 5, 15, 25, 35 cm H2O) was applied via a mask to the nasal side of the velopharyngeal mechanism. Fatigue was defined as a reduction in velopharyngeal closure force across the series of /si/ productions, as evidenced by a negatively sloped regression line fit to the closure force data. Results: Absolute levels of velopharyngeal closure force were much lower than those observed previously in speakers without palatal clefts. All subjects showed evidence of fatigue. Furthermore, all subjects demonstrated exhaustion, where they were unable to close the velopharyngeal port against the nasal pressure load. This occurred at pressure load levels lower than those successfully completed by speakers without cleft palate. Conclusions: In speakers with a repaired palatal cleft, the velopharyngeal closure muscles may not possess the same strength and/or endurance as in normal speakers. Alternatively, muscles may possess adequate strength, but not be positioned optimally within the velopharynx following cleft palate repair or may be forced to move velopharyngeal structures that are stiffer as a result of surgical scarring.

Analysis of the correlative factors for velopharyngeal closure of patients with cleft palate after primary repair

2013 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. e424-e428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Chen ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Bing Shi ◽  
Heng Yin ◽  
Guang-Ning Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Primary Repair ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure

Long-term Morphological Changes of the Velum and the Nasopharynx in Patients With Cleft Palate

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110452
Author(s):  
Takeshi Harada ◽  
Tadashi Yamanishi ◽  
Takayuki Kurimoto ◽  
Setsuko Uematsu ◽  
Yuri Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Depth Ratio ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Velopharyngeal Closure ◽  
Pharyngeal Depth

Objective To investigate long-term morphological changes in the soft palate length and nasopharynx in patients with cleft palate. We hypothesized that there would be differences in the morphological development of the soft palate and nasopharynx between patients with and without cleft palate and that these developmental changes would negatively affect the soft palate length to pharyngeal depth ratio involved in velopharyngeal closure for patients with cleft palate. Design Retrospective, case-control study. Setting Institutional practice. Patients Ninety-two patients (Group F) with unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate and 67 patients (Group CLA) with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus not requiring palatoplasty were included. Main Outcome Measures The soft palate length, nasopharyngeal size, and soft palate length to pharyngeal depth ratio were measured via lateral cephalograms obtained at three different periods. Results Group F showed a shorter soft palate length and smaller nasopharyngeal size than Group CLA at all periods. Both these parameters increased with age, but the increase in amount was significantly less in Group F compared with that in Group CLA. The soft palate length to pharyngeal depth ratio in Group F decreased with age. Conclusions In patients with cleft palate, the soft palate length to pharyngeal depth ratio, which is involved in velopharyngeal closure, can change with age. Less soft palate length growth and unfavorable relationship between the soft palate and nasopharynx may be masked in early childhood but can manifest later on with age.

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