Extended focal-film distance technique: an analysis of the factors in dose reduction for the AP knee radiograph

Radiography ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robinson ◽  
D. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Knee Radiograph

PET/CT

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S51-S57 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Beyer ◽  
G. Brix
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Radiation Burden ◽  
Pet Ct

Summary:Clinical studies demonstrate a gain in diagnostic accuracy by employing combined PET/CT instead of separate CT and PET imaging. However, whole-body PET/CT examinations result in a comparatively high radiation burden to patients and thus require a proper justification and optimization to avoid repeated exposure or over-exposure of patients. This review article summarizes relevant data concerning radiation exposure of patients resulting from the different components of a combined PET/CT examination and presents different imaging strategies that can help to balance the diagnostic needs and the radiation protection requirements. In addition various dose reduction measures are discussed, some of which can be adopted from CT practice, while others mandate modifications to the existing hardand software of PET/CT systems.

Coadministration of citric acid allows oxytetracycline dose reduction in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata infected with Vibrio anguillarum

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
K Akiyama ◽  
N Hirazawa ◽  
A Hatanaka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Seriola Quinqueradiata ◽  
Poor Efficacy

Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been commonly used as an effective antibiotic against various fish bacterial diseases, including vibriosis. In this study, the absorption-enhancing effect of citric acid on oral OTC pharmacokinetics and treatment of artificial Vibrio anguillarum infection was evaluated in juvenile yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata followed by serum OTC concentration analysis. When 25 mg kg-1 body weight (BW) OTC was administered in combination with 1250 mg kg-1 BW citric acid, the serum OTC concentration reached almost the same concentration as that of the group treated with 50 mg kg-1 BW OTC. This coadministration successfully suppressed mortality due to vibriosis similar to the group treated with 50 mg kg-1 BW OTC. Conversely, poor efficacy was observed when only 25 mg kg-1 BW OTC was administered. These results suggest that coadministration of citric acid can be beneficial in reducing the dose of OTC needed for effective treatment, and thus contributes to the goal of reduced use of this antibiotic in aquaculture.

Radiation Minimisation and Outcome Maximisation in Cardiac Computed Tomograpy

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
James P Earls ◽  
Jonathon A Leipsic ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Prospective Triggering ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
Selection Of

Recent reports have raised general awareness that cardiac computed tomography (CT) has the potential for relatively high effective radiation doses. While the actual amount of risk this poses to the patient is controversial, the increasing concern has led to a great deal of research on new CT techniques capable of imaging the heart at substantially lower radiation doses than was available only a few years ago. Methods of dose reduction include optimised selection of user-defined parameters, such as tube current and voltage, as well as use of new technologies, such as prospective triggering and iterative reconstruction. These techniques have each been shown to lead to substantial reduction in radiation dose without loss of diagnostic accuracy. This article will review the most frequently used and widely available methods for radiation dose reduction in cardiac CT and give practical advice on their use and limitations.

Correlation Between the Tyrozinkinazine Inhibitor Sunitinib - Dose, Schedule of Administration and Adverse Events

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1652-1659
Author(s):  
Dana Lucia Stanculeanu ◽  
Raluca Ioana Mihaila ◽  
Daniela Zob ◽  
Oana Catalina Toma ◽  
Raluca Ioana Mihaila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Dose Schedule ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Hand Foot Syndrome

Sunitinib, a multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated survival benefit in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and is generally well tolerated with most adverse events, manifesting as mild to moderate in severity. The most frequent related adverse events include hand-foot syndrome (HFS), hypertension, proteinuria, cardiac toxicities, myelosuppression, fatigue/asthenia, hypothyroidism, diarrhea and hepatotoxicity. The study aims to determine incidence of adverse events among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated Sunitinib within five years from 2010 to 2015 and comparing the results with data from literature. The study included a total of 56 patients treated with Sunitinib, with a dose of 50 mg (Schedule 4/2). Due to adverse events and individual safety and tolerability, at the indication of the personal clinician, 11 patients needed dose reduction, with a continuous dose of 37.5 mg, daily and 28 patients continued the dose of 50 mg taken daily, on a different schedule (2/1 schedule). The most important toxicities were anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal effects (diarrhea), fatigue and hypertension. After dose reduction or modified schedule the incidence of the most frequent toxicities (HFS, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and fatigue) decreased, but hypertension was still observed in 30% of patients. The results are similar with data from literature. Early identification of individuals at risk and monitoring patients during Sunitinib treatment is very important and it can facilitate early intervention with prophylactic measures or supportive treatment, thus increasing quality of life and adherence to treatment. Further studies need to establish which targeted population can benefit the most from adjusted regimens and to correlate them with prognostic factors for survival.

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