An intracellular modulation of free radical production could contribute to the beneficial effects of metformin towards oxidative stress

Metabolism ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 586-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bonnefont-Rousselot ◽  
B. Raji ◽  
S. Walrand ◽  
M. Gardès-Albert ◽  
D. Jore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Radical Production

Features of the oxidative status in patients with lupus nephritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
E. V. Smirnova ◽  
E. V. Proskurnina ◽  
T. N. Krasnova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Respiratory Burst ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Neutrophil Activity ◽  
Kidney Involvement

BACKGROUND. Oxidative status impairment plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of SLE and lupus nephritis (LN). The data about oxidative status in this disease are incomplete, that’s why it’s necessary to use a new approach to study it. THE AIM: To study oxidative status in SLE patients with kidney involvement. PATIENTS AND METHODS:53 patients with SLE were included in this prospective study, among them 40 patients with different severity of kidney involvement, control group were 87 healthy donors. Oxidative stress parameters were measured: antioxidant activity (AOA) of blood plasma and parameters, characterizing the state of the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) – neutrophils, more specifically: specific spontaneous neutrophil activity, specific stimulated activity (peak and integral), coefficient of respiratory burst attenuation, representing the rate of free radical production decrease after stimulation, the higher the value of this parameter, the slower is free radical production decrease. RESULTS. It was shown elevation of neutrophil free radical-producing activity parameters and elevation of blood plasma AOA in patients with LN, comparing to healthy controls. Immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticosteroids (GCS) and cytostatics (CS) increased blood plasma AOA comparing to monotherapy with GCS. A correlation between oxidative status impairment and intensity of inflammatory reactions was found: correlation of respiratory burst attenuation coefficient with blood sedimentation rate was shown. Reduction of spontaneous free radical-producing neutrophil activity was found in LN patients with NS, which might be the result of neutrophil functional activity attenuation in high disease activity. CONCLUSION. The increased free radical-producing neutrophil activity was shown, which might be the cause of oxidative stress in SLE with LN. It seems warranted investigation of these parameters in samples of larger volume to search targets aimed at neutrophils. The necessity of antioxidant therapy in patients with SLE seems doubtful, as they show significant increase of blood plasma AOA, which might result from compensatory reaction of human organism to oxidative stress and therapy with GCS and CS.

Oxidative stress: Free radical production in neural degeneration

1994 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario E. Götz ◽  
Gabriella Künig ◽  
Peter Riederer ◽  
Moussa B.H. Youdim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Neural Degeneration ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Radical Production

scholarly journals The Impact of High-Fat Diet on Mitochondrial Function, Free Radical Production, and Nitrosative Stress in the Salivary Glands of Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zalewska ◽  
Dominika Ziembicka ◽  
Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska ◽  
Mateusz Maciejczyk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Radical Production

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the salivary gland dysfunction in insulin resistance; however, the cause of increased free radical formation in these conditions is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on the mitochondrial respiratory system, prooxidant enzymes, ROS production, and nitrosative/oxidative stress in the submandibular and parotid glands of rats. The experiment was performed on male Wistar rats divided into two groups (n=10): control and HFD. The 8-week feeding of HFD affects glucose metabolism observed as significant increase in plasma glucose and insulin as well as HOMA-IR as compared to the control rats. The activity of mitochondrial Complex I and Complex II+III was significantly decreased in the parotid and submandibular glands of HFD rats. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and the hydrogen peroxide level were significantly increased in the parotid and submandibular glands of the HFD group as compared to those of the controls. HFD rats also showed significantly lower reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduced : oxidized glutathione (GSH : GSSG) ratio, as well as a higher GSSG level in the parotid glands of HFD rats. The activity of NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and levels of oxidative/nitrosative stress (malonaldehyde, nitric oxide, nitrotyrosine, and peroxynitrite) and inflammation/apoptosis (interleukin-1βand caspase-3) biomarkers were statistically elevated in the HFD group in comparison to the controls. HFD impairs mitochondrial function in both types of salivary glands by enhancing ROS production, as well as stimulating inflammation and apoptosis. However, free radical production, protein nitration, and lipid peroxidation were more pronounced in the parotid glands of HFD rats.

scholarly journals Peroxisomes and free radical production: cell aging

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Sánchez-Gutiérez ◽  
Nancy Vargas-Mendoza ◽  
Jeannett A. Izquierdo-Vega ◽  
Eduardo O. Madrigal Santillán
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Production Cell ◽  
Cellular Organelles

Peroxisomes are cellular organelles present in the eukaryotic cells that are responsible for detoxification processes such as oxidation of fatty acids, biosynthesis of glycerolipids and isoprenoids, among others. Due to the number of functions which they carry out, they are conditioned to an elevated production of free radicals (FR), for which they have a sophisticated antioxidant system consisting of enzymes that can neutralize free radical molecules. The importance of peroxisomes in the development of age-related diseases such as diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease has been reported recently. In this paper, we review briefly these organelles, treating aspects such as their evolution, functions and the role they play in oxidative stress processes associated with aging.

scholarly journals Aβ-Induced Vascular Oxidative Stress and Attenuation of Functional Hyperemia in Mouse Somatosensory Cortex

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laibaik Park ◽  
Josef Anrather ◽  
Colleen Forster ◽  
Ken Kazama ◽  
George A Carlson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Functional Hyperemia ◽  
Cerebral Microvessels ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Whisker Stimulation ◽  
Vascular Oxidative Stress

We investigated the role of vascular oxidative stress in the mechanisms of the impairment in cerebrovascular regulation produced by the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). In particular, we sought to provide evidence of vascular oxidative stress in mice overexpressing the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and to determine whether the Aβ-induced attenuation in functional hyperemia is mediated by free radical overproduction. Oxidative/nitrosative stress was assessed by 3-nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity, while free radical production was determined in cerebral microvessels by hydroethidine microfluorography. To study functional hyperemia the somatosensory cortex was activated by whisker stimulation while local blood flow was monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry. It was found that APP mice show signs of oxidative/nitrosative stress in pial and intracerebral blood vessels well before they develop oxidative stress in neurons and glia or amyloid plaques. Treatment of cerebral microvessels isolated from wild-type mice with Aβ (1 μM) increased free radical production as assessed by the hydroethidine technique. The Aβ-induced attenuation of the increase in somatosensory cortex blood flow produced by whisker stimulation was prevented by treatment with the free radical scavengers MnTBAP or tiron. These data provide evidence that in APP mice vascular oxidative stress precedes the development of parenchymal oxidative stress, and that Aβ-produced vascular reactive oxygen species are involved in the attendant attenuation in functional hyperemia. Thus, vascular oxidative stress is an early event in the course of the brain dysfunction produced by APP overexpression and Aβ, and, as such, could be the target of early therapeutic interventions based on antioxidants.

scholarly journals Using MRI to measure in vivo free radical production and perfusion dynamics in a mouse model of elevated oxidative stress and neurogenic atrophy

Redox Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 101308
Author(s):  
Bumsoo Ahn ◽  
Nataliya Smith ◽  
Debra Saunders ◽  
Rojina Ranjit ◽  
Parker Kneis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Neurogenic Atrophy

scholarly journals Antioxidants Supplementation and Exercise Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Andy C. M. LOK ◽  
Stephen H. S. WONG
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Research Findings

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Physical exercise is known to have many beneficial effects. However, intense physical training can concomitantly result in increased free radical production in human body, thereby inducing a greater oxidative-stress that may cause damage to the cells. In this article, the mechanism of free radicals formation, the assessment of oxidative stress in human, and the defense system in the body against the anti-oxidative damage will be discussed. Studies in the effect of antioxidant supplementation on exercise performance will also be reviewed. Research findings suggest that supplementation of antioxidants can reduce the oxidative damage to muscle and other tissues induced by vigorous exercise. However, the effect of such supplementation on exercise performance remains unclear.雖然運動對人體所產生的益處已被廣泛肯定，可是高強度的運動訓練卻會增加體內自由基的濃度，從而損害身體的組織。本文綜述自由基形成的機制，身體對自由基的反應，與及如何量度自由基對身體的損害和補充抗氧化劑對運動能力的影響。研究證實補充抗氧化劑能有效減低身體受自由基的傷害，但能否增進運動能力則尚需探究。

scholarly journals Inhibitory Action of Antidiabetic Drugs on the Free Radical Production by the Rod Outer Segment Ectopic Aerobic Metabolism

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Silvia Ravera ◽  
Federico Caicci ◽  
Paolo Degan ◽  
Davide Maggi ◽  
Lucia Manni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Atp Synthase ◽  
Aerobic Metabolism ◽  
Immunogold Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Fof1 Atp Synthase

Rod outer segments (OS) express the FoF1-ATP synthase and the respiratory chain, conducting an ectopic aerobic metabolism that produces free radicals in vitro. Diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of vision loss, is associated with oxidative stress in the outer retina. Since metformin and glibenclamide, two anti-type 2 diabetes drugs, target the respiratory complexes, we studied the effect of these two drugs, individually or in association, on the free radical production in purified bovine rod OS. ATP synthesis, oxygen consumption, and oxidative stress production were assayed by luminometry, oximetry and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of FoF1-ATP synthase was studied by immunogold electron microscopy. Metformin had a hormetic effect on the OS complex I and ATP synthetic activities, being stimulatory at concentrations below 1 mM, and inhibitory above. Glibenclamide inhibited complexes I and III, as well as ATP production in a concentration-dependent manner. Maximal concentrations of both drugs inhibited the ROI production by the light-exposed OS. Data, consistent with the delaying effect of these drugs on the onset of diabetic retinopathy, suggest that a combination of the two drugs at the beginning of the treatment might reduce the oxidative stress production helping the endogenous antioxidant defences in avoiding retinal damage.

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