Alterations in vesicle transport and cell polarity in rat hepatocytes subjected to mechanical or chemical cholestasis

2001 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1176-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie J. Török ◽  
Elizabeth M. Larusso ◽  
Mark A. McNiven
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Vesicle Transport

Vesicle transport during cell growth and in the maintenance of cell polarity

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Futerman ◽  
K. Hirschberg ◽  
I. Meivar-Levy ◽  
E. Rapaport ◽  
A. Schwarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Vesicle Transport

scholarly journals Yeast Rgd3 is a phospho-regulated F-BAR–containing RhoGAP involved in the regulation of Rho3 distribution and cell morphology

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (23) ◽  
pp. 2570-2582
Author(s):  
Robert M. Gingras ◽  
Kyaw Myo Lwin ◽  
Abigail M. Miller ◽  
Anthony Bretscher
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Secretory Vesicle ◽  
Vesicle Transport ◽  
Secretory Vesicles

RGD3 ( YHR182w) is a novel RhoGAP in budding yeast whose overexpression suppresses the temperature sensitivity of myo2 smy1 mutants defective in secretory vesicle transport. We show that Rgd3 localizes to polarized vesicles distinct from constitutive secretory vesicles and contributes to cell polarity through its GAP activity on Rho3.

scholarly journals Disruption of Mtmr2 produces CMT4B1-like neuropathy with myelin outfolding and impaired spermatogenesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Bolino ◽  
Annalisa Bolis ◽  
Stefano Carlo Previtali ◽  
Giorgia Dina ◽  
Simona Bussini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Vesicle Transport ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Demyelinating Neuropathy ◽  
Charcot Marie Tooth ◽  
Discs Large ◽  
Cellular Junctions

Mutations in MTMR2, the myotubularin-related 2 gene, cause autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) type 4B1, a demyelinating neuropathy with myelin outfolding and azoospermia. MTMR2 encodes a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase whose preferred substrate is phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-biphosphate, a regulator of membrane homeostasis and vesicle transport. We generated Mtmr2-null mice, which develop progressive neuropathy characterized by myelin outfolding and recurrent loops, predominantly at paranodal myelin, and depletion of spermatids and spermatocytes from the seminiferous epithelium, which leads to azoospermia. Disruption of Mtmr2 in Schwann cells reproduces the myelin abnormalities. We also identified a novel physical interaction in Schwann cells, between Mtmr2 and discs large 1 (Dlg1)/synapse-associated protein 97, a scaffolding molecule that is enriched at the node/paranode region. Dlg1 homologues have been located in several types of cellular junctions and play roles in cell polarity and membrane addition. We propose that Schwann cell–autonomous loss of Mtmr2–Dlg1 interaction dysregulates membrane homeostasis in the paranodal region, thereby producing outfolding and recurrent loops of myelin.

Reestablishment of cell polarity of rat hepatocytes in primary culture

Hepatology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru I. Musat ◽  
Carol A. Sattler ◽  
Gerald L. Sattler ◽  
Henry C. Pitot
Keyword(s):  
Primary Culture ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes

Immunoenzymatic demonstration of the simultaneous presence of transferrin, hemopexin and albumin in a same hepatocyte and their ultrastructural localization

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
M. Kraemer ◽  
J. Foucrier ◽  
J. Vassy ◽  
M.T. Chalumeau
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Carrier Proteins ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Monospecific Antisera ◽  
Different Levels

Some authors using immunofluorescent techniques had already suggested that some hepatocytes are able to synthetize several plasma proteins. In vitro studies on normal cells or on cells issued of murine hepatomas raise the same conclusion. These works could be indications of an hepatocyte functionnal non-specialization, meanwhile the authors never give direct topographic proofs suitable with this hypothesis.The use of immunoenzymatic techniques after obtention of monospecific antisera had seemed to us useful to bring forward a better knowledge of this problem. We have studied three carrier proteins (transferrin = Tf, hemopexin = Hx, albumin = Alb) operating at different levels in iron metabolism by demonstrating and localizing the adult rat hepatocytes involved in their synthesis.Immunological, histological and ultrastructural methods have been described in a previous work.

High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) of mitochondria from various rat tissues

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
P.J. Lea ◽  
M.J. Hollenberg
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Scanning Electron

Our current understanding of mitochondrial ultrastructure has been derived primarily from thin sections using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This information has been extrapolated into three dimensions by artist's impressions (1) or serial sectioning techniques in combination with computer processing (2). The resolution of serial reconstruction methods is limited by section thickness whereas artist's impressions have obvious disadvantages.In contrast, the new techniques of HRSEM used in this study (3) offer the opportunity to view simultaneously both the internal and external structure of mitochondria directly in three dimensions and in detail.The tridimensional ultrastructure of mitochondria from rat hepatocytes, retinal (retinal pigment epithelium), renal (proximal convoluted tubule) and adrenal cortex cells were studied by HRSEM. The specimens were prepared by aldehyde-osmium fixation in combination with freeze cleavage followed by partial extraction of cytosol with a weak solution of osmium tetroxide (4). The specimens were examined with a Hitachi S-570 scanning electron microscope, resolution better than 30 nm, where the secondary electron detector is located in the column directly above the specimen inserted within the objective lens.

Morphological and biochemical analyses of changes in rat hepatocytes related to wine and ethanol consumption

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
S.M. Geyer ◽  
C.L. Mendenhall ◽  
J.T. Hung ◽  
E.L. Cardell ◽  
R.L. Drake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Malic Enzyme Activity ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Thirty-three mature male Holtzman rats were randomly placed in 3 treatment groups: Controls (C); Ethanolics (E); and Wine drinkers (W). The animals were fed synthetic diets (Lieber type) with ethanol or wine substituted isocalorically for carbohydrates in the diet of E and W groups, respectively. W received a volume of wine which provided the same gram quantity of alcohol consumed by E. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation after 6 weeks and the livers processed for quantitative triglycerides (T3), proteins, malic enzyme activity (MEA), light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Morphometric analysis of randomly selected LM and EM micrographs was performed to determine organellar changes in centrilobular (CV) and periportal (PV) regions of the liver. This analysis (Table 1) showed that hepatocytes from E were larger than those in C and W groups. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum decreased in E and increased in W compared to C values.

Glycyrrhizin effects rat hepatocytes via the reduction of heat shock protein 90 expression

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A357-A357
Author(s):  
T YOH ◽  
T NAKASHIMA ◽  
Y SUMIDA ◽  
Y KAKISAKA ◽  
H ISHIKAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 90 ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes

Direct evidence of production of nitric oxide in the lipopolysaccharide-sensitized rat hepatocytes and kupffer cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A356-A356
Author(s):  
T KONO ◽  
J IWAMOTO ◽  
K ISHIKAWA ◽  
Y EBISAWA ◽  
T AOKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes
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