The 2-minute walk test as a measure of functional improvement in persons with lower limb amputation

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 1478-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Brooks ◽  
Janet Parsons ◽  
Judith P. Hunter ◽  
Michael Devlin ◽  
Janice Walker
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limb Amputation ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Minute Walk

scholarly journals Impairment Variables Predicting Activity Limitation in Individuals with Lower Limb Amputation

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele A. Raya ◽  
Robert S. Gailey ◽  
Ira M. Fiebert ◽  
Kathyrn E. Roach
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Activity Limitation ◽  
Lower Limb Amputation ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Six Minute Walk Test ◽  
Minute Walk

The purpose of this study was to determine whether measures of impairment (i.e., muscle strength, balance), personal factors (i.e., comorbidities, demographic information) and amputation specific variables (i.e., time since amputation, cause of amputation, level of amputation) were able to predict performance on the six-minute walk test, a measure of activity limitation, in individuals with lower limb amputation. A total of 72 individuals with lower limb amputation ranging in age from 21–83 were tested for balance, limb muscle strength and function. Medical comorbidities were recorded and activity limitation was measured using the six-minute walk test. Data were analyzed and multivariate relationships were examined using multiple linear regression. Impairment variables of strength, balance, subject demographics, time since amputation, cause of amputation and level of amputation were all significant predictors and explained 72% of the variance in the outcome variable. Strength of the hip extensors was the strongest predictor, accounting for 30.9% of the total variance. Multiple factors impact six minute walk scores in individuals with lower limb amputation. Impairments in hip strength and balance appear to be the two most significant. The findings of this study support the use of the six-minute walk test to underscore impairments of the musculoskeletal system that can affect ambulation ability in the amputee.

A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the feasibility of the Wii Fit for improving walking in older adults with lower limb amputation

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bita Imam ◽  
William C Miller ◽  
Heather Finlayson ◽  
Janice J Eng ◽  
Tal Jarus
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limb Amputation ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Wii Fit ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
Walking Capacity ◽  
Minute Walk

Objective: To assess the feasibility of Wii.n.Walk for improving walking capacity in older adults with lower limb amputation. Design: A parallel, evaluator-blind randomized controlled feasibility trial. Setting: Community-living. Participants: Individuals who were ⩾50 years old with a unilateral lower limb amputation. Intervention: Wii.n.Walk consisted of Wii Fit training, 3x/week (40 minute sessions), for 4 weeks. Training started in the clinic in groups of 3 and graduated to unsupervised home training. Control group were trained using cognitive games. Main Measures: Feasibility indicators: trial process (recruitment, retention, participants’ perceived benefit from the Wii.n.Walk intervention measured by exit questionnaire), resources (adherence), management (participant processing, blinding), and treatment (adverse event, and Cohen’s d effect size and variance). Primary clinical outcome: walking capacity measured using the 2 Minute Walk Test at baseline, end of treatment, and 3-week retention. Results: Of 28 randomized participants, 24 completed the trial (12/arm). Median (range) age was 62.0 (50-78) years. Mean (SD) score for perceived benefit from the Wii.n.Walk intervention was 38.9/45 (6.8). Adherence was 83.4%. The effect sizes for the 2 Minute Walk Test were 0.5 (end of treatment) and 0.6 (3-week retention) based on intention to treat with imputed data; and 0.9 (end of treatment) and 1.2 (3-week retention) based on per protocol analysis. The required sample size for a future larger RCT was deemed to be 72 (36 per arm). Conclusions: The results suggested the feasibility of the Wii.n.Walk with a medium effect size for improving walking capacity. Future larger randomized controlled trials investigating efficacy are warranted.

The Utility of the 2-Minute Walk Test as a Measure of Mobility in People With Lower Limb Amputation

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 1183-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Gaunaurd ◽  
Anat Kristal ◽  
Amber Horn ◽  
Chloe Krueger ◽  
Olivia Muro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limb Amputation ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Minute Walk

scholarly journals Locomotor Performance During Rehabilitation of People With Lower Limb Amputation and Prosthetic Nonuse 12 Months After Discharge

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 985-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline E. Roffman ◽  
John Buchanan ◽  
Garry T. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Lower Limb Amputation ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Locomotor Performance ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Four Square

AbstractBackgroundIt is recognized that multifactorial assessments are needed to evaluate balance and locomotor function in people with lower limb amputation. There is no consensus on whether a single screening tool could be used to identify future issues with locomotion or prosthetic use.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine whether different tests of locomotor performance during rehabilitation were associated with significantly greater risk of prosthetic abandonment at 12 months postdischarge.DesignThis was a retrospective cohort study.MethodData for descriptive variables and locomotor tests (ie, 10-Meter Walk Test [10MWT], Timed “Up & Go” Test [TUGT], Six-Minute Walk Test [6MWT], and Four Square Step Test [FSST]) were abstracted from the medical records of 201 consecutive participants with lower limb amputation. Participants were interviewed and classified as prosthetic users or nonusers at 12 months postdischarge. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze whether there were differences in locomotor performance. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to determine performance thresholds, and relative risk (RR) was calculated for nonuse.ResultsAt 12 months postdischarge, 18% (n=36) of the participants had become prosthetic nonusers. Performance thresholds, area under the curve (AUC), and RR of nonuse (95% confidence intervals [CI]) were: for the 10MWT, if walking speed was ≤0.44 ms−1 (AUC=0.743), RR of nonuse=2.76 (95% CI=1.83, 3.79; P<.0001); for the TUGT, if time was ≥21.4 seconds (AUC=0.796), RR of nonuse=3.17 (95% CI=2.17, 4.14; P<.0001); for the 6MWT, if distance was ≤191 m (AUC=0.788), RR of nonuse=2.84, (95% CI=2.05, 3.48; P<.0001); and for the FSST, if time was ≥36.6 seconds (AUC=0.762), RR of nonuse=2.76 (95% CI=1.99, 3.39; P<.0001).LimitationsMissing data, potential recall bias, and assessment times that varied were limitations of the study.ConclusionsLocomotor performance during rehabilitation may predict future risk of prosthetic nonuse. It may be implied that the 10MWT has the greatest clinical utility as a single screening tool for prosthetic nonuse, given the highest proportion of participants were able to perform this test early in rehabilitation. However, as locomotor skills improve, other tests (in particular, the 6MWT) have specific clinical utility. To fully enable implementation of these locomotor criteria for prosthetic nonuse into clinical practice, validation is warranted.

scholarly journals Explaining modified 2-min walk test outcomes in male Veterans with traumatic or nontraumatic lower-limb amputation

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Loyd ◽  
Thomas T. Fields ◽  
Ryan O. Stephenson ◽  
Jennifer Stevens-Lapsley ◽  
Cory L. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limb Amputation ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Male Veterans ◽  
Test Outcomes

A Comparison of the Two-Minute Walk Test and Comprehensive High-level Activity Mobility Predictor (CHAMP) in People with a Leg Prosthesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921552110693
Author(s):  
Robert S. Gailey ◽  
Ignacio Gaunaurd ◽  
Sara J. Morgan ◽  
Anat Kristal ◽  
Geoffrey S. Balkman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Athletic Field ◽  
Lower Limb Prosthesis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Limb Prosthesis ◽  
Minute Walk

Objective To determine if the two-minute walk test (2MWT) could serve as an alternative measure of high-level mobility in lower limb prosthesis users when circumstances preclude administration of the Comprehensive High-level Activity Mobility Predictor (CHAMP). Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Indoor recreational athletic field and gymnasium Subjects Fifty-eight adult lower limb prosthesis users with unilateral or bilateral lower limb amputation who participate in recreational athletic activities. Intervention N/A Main Measures The 2MWT and CHAMP while using their preferred prosthesis(es) on an indoor artificial athletic field or hardwood gymnasium floor. Results Thirty-nine men and nineteen women with a median age of 38.3 years participated in the study. Most participants experienced amputation(s) due to trauma (62%) or tumor (10%) and were generally higher functioning (K4 (91.4%) and K3 (8.6%)). The median (range) score for the CHAMP was 23.0 points (1.5–33.5) and the mean ± standard deviation (range) 2MWT distance walked was 188.6 ± 33.9 m (100.2–254.3 m). The CHAMP demonstrated a strong positive relationship with 2MWT (r = 0.83, p < 0.001). The 2MWT distance predicted 70% of the variance in CHAMP score. Conclusions Although the 2MWT does not test multi-directional agility like the CHAMP, they were found to be highly correlated. If space is limited, the two-minute walk test can serve as an alternative measure for assessing high-level mobility capabilities in lower limb prosthesis users.

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