scholarly journals Oxygen control in lead-bismuth eutectic: First validation of electrochemical oxygen sensors in static conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. Courouau ◽  
P. Deloffre ◽  
R. Adriano
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Sensors ◽  
Oxygen Control ◽  
Lead Bismuth Eutectic ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Electrochemical Oxygen

scholarly journals Effects of Bi2O3 Doping on the Mechanical Properties of PbO Ceramic Pellets Used in Lead-Cooled Fast Reactors

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Anxia Yang ◽  
Huiping Zhu ◽  
Arslan Muhammad ◽  
Pengwei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Eutectic Alloy ◽  
Composite Ceramic ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oxygen Control ◽  
Fast Reactors ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lead Bismuth Eutectic

In this paper, the effects of Bi2O3 doping on the mechanical properties of PbO ceramic pellets were studied. Different ratios of Bi2O3/PbO (i.e., xBi2O3-(1−x) PbO, where x is 0, 1, 3, 5, or 7 wt.%) were fabricated and sintered at 570, 620, and 670 °C. Mechanical properties including density, hardness, flexural strength, and sintering of PbO were studied for each of the aforementioned compositions. Phase composition, microstructure, and the worn surfaces of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD analysis revealed that a solid solution formed in the composite ceramic. The best suited conditions of temperature and doping of Bi2O3 for optimal sintering were found to be 620 °C and 3 wt.%, respectively. The hardness of the 3 wt.% Bi2O3-97 wt.% PbO ceramic was found to be 717 MPa, which is about four times higher than the hardness of pure PbO. In addition, the strength of the composites was found to be 43 MPa, which is two times higher than that of pure PbO. The integrity of the composites was verified using the lead–bismuth eutectic alloy flushing experiment. The results of this research paper are important for future studies of oxygen control in the lead–bismuth eutectic alloy of lead-cooled fast reactors.

Performance of Electrochemical Oxygen Pump in a Liquid Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Loop

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 (6) ◽  
pp. E153-E158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Lim ◽  
Gabriele Manfredi ◽  
Kris Rosseel ◽  
Alexander Aerts
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Lead ◽  
Oxygen Pump ◽  
Lead Bismuth Eutectic ◽  
Electrochemical Oxygen

Design and testing of electrochemical oxygen sensors for service in liquid lead alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 415 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Schroer ◽  
Juergen Konys ◽  
Ariadna Verdaguer ◽  
Jordi Abellà ◽  
Alessandro Gessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Sensors ◽  
Liquid Lead ◽  
Lead Alloys ◽  
Design And Testing ◽  
Electrochemical Oxygen

Europium Chromite Doped with Calcium Chromite for Electrochemical Oxygen Sensors

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. Gilderman ◽  
V.I. Zemtzov ◽  
S.F. Palguev
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Sensors ◽  
Electrochemical Oxygen

scholarly journals Environmentally assisted cracking of T91 ferritic-martensitic steel in heavy liquid metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hojná ◽  
Patricie Halodová ◽  
Michal Chocholoušek ◽  
Zbyněk Špirit ◽  
Lucia Rozumová
Keyword(s):  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Martensitic Steel ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Heavy Liquid ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Oxygen Control ◽  
Environmentally Assisted Cracking ◽  
Static Conditions

AbstractIn order to advance material development for future nuclear systems, an insight into the cracking conditions of T91 ferritic-martensitic steel in heavy liquid metals (HLM) is provided. The paper critically reviews previous experimental data and summarizes them with new results. The new testing of T91 steel was performed in contact with slow flow and static HLM to study crack initiation, especially in liquid PbBi eutectic at 300°–350°C and Pb at 400°C with about 1 × 10−6 wt.% of oxygen. Pre-stressed coupons were exposed to the liquid metals for up to 2000 h. Constant extension rate tests (CERTs) were performed in the liquid metals to accelerate cracking development. Under static conditions, the testing resulted in oxidation without any crack observation. Under the CERT ones, the T91 steel showed a tendency to crack initiation in PbBi, while in Pb, cracks were not initiated even when the oxide layer was broken. Moreover, the environmentally assisted crack initiated at the maximum load and continued to grow under further loading without unstable failure. Both previous and new data have confirmed that high stress and plastic strain are pre-conditions for the environmentally assisted cracking of T91 in static HLM. It indicates that in the systems utilizing continuous oxygen control of HLM, the LME/EAC of the T91 could develop only in the beyond design load conditions. Further testing is necessary to address the HLM flow speed effect.

Tissue window chamber system for validation of implanted oxygen sensors

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. H2288-H2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan T. Makale ◽  
Joe T. Lin ◽  
Richard E. Calou ◽  
Amy G. Tsai ◽  
Peter C. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Sensor Arrays ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Oxygen Sensors ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Observation Window ◽  
Sensor Signals ◽  
Window Chamber ◽  
Electrochemical Oxygen

An experimental system is described for validating electrochemical oxygen sensors implanted in tissues. The system is a modified hamster window chamber in which a thin layer of vascularized tissue is held between two plates, one plate having an observation window and the other plate having an array of oxygen sensors. This arrangement permits simultaneous recording of oxygen sensor signals and nondestructive visualization of the tissue adjacent to the sensors over periods of 1 mo or more, without the inhibitory effects of anesthesia. The system provides a means for study of the effects of spatial and temporal oxygen distributions on the sensor signals and adaptation of the tissue structure over time. Examples are given of sensor recordings and images of tissues with implanted oxygen sensor arrays.

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