scholarly journals Biosynth�se de tropolones dans les cals et les suspensions cellulaires � partir d'�bauches foliaires de plantules de Thuja plicata Donn

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Haluk ◽  
C�cile Roussel-Bousta
Keyword(s):  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

Lignans of western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn). VI. Dihydroxythujaplicatin methyl ether

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold MacLean ◽  
Koji Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Data ◽  
Resonance Data ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

Proof of structure is presented for another lignan of the thujaplicatin series, 2,3-dihydroxy-2-(4″-hydroxy-3″,5″-dimethoxybenzyl)-3-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxybenzyl)-butyrolactone (I) (dihydroxythujaplicatin methyl ether). Analytical and spectral (ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance) data on derivatives and degradation products, in addition to the parent compound, are presented.

Selfing and correlated paternity in relation to pollen management in western red cedar seed orchards

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
Kermit Ritland ◽  
Allyson Miscampbell ◽  
Annette Van Niejenhuis ◽  
Patti Brown ◽  
John Russell
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

We used microsatellite genetic markers to evaluate the mating system of western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) under various seed orchard pollen management schemes. We primarily examined whether supplemental mass pollination (SMP) can reduce the observed selfing rates. Pollen blowing and “hooding” were also examined in smaller tests. Only SMP was consistently effective in reducing the selfing rate, from 30% to 20%. The correlation of paternity was quite high (60%–90%) in two of three orchards, and in these two orchards the application of SMP reduced this correlation by about 10% as well. The correlation of paternity is the fraction of full-sibling vs. half-sibling progeny, and unbiased estimates can be obtained with few loci, even single loci, in contrast to other types of paternity analysis. We also find the microsatellite amplicon sizes should be pooled into “bins” of 2–4 nucleotides, owing to unintended errors of assay; otherwise the estimates are biased. This new feature of mating system estimation was incorporated into the computer program MLTR.

OCCURRENCE OF β-DOLABRIN (4-ISOPROPENYLTROPOLONE) IN WESTERN RED CEDAR (THUJA PLICATA DONN.)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1612-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. F. Gardner ◽  
G. M. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Crystallization ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Salt Precipitation ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Approximate Composition ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

The steam-volatile oil of western red cedar contains traces of a fifth tropolone, β-dolabrin (4-isopropenyltropolone), in addition to α-, β-, and γ-thujaplicin and 7-hydroxy-4-isopropyltropolone. The presence of β-dolabrin, previously obtained from Japanese "Hiba" wood by Nozoe, was detected by paper chromatography and proved by isolation of a sample from the steam-volatile oil by a combination of sodium salt precipitation, fractional crystallization, and preparative paper chromatography. The approximate composition of the steam-volatile oil from butt heartwood is given.

Lignans of western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn). VII. Dihydroxythujaplicatin

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 739-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold MacLean ◽  
B. F. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Degradation Studies ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

The structure of a seventh lignan from the hot-water extractive of western red cedar, which was partially separated in a previous paper, has been determined as 2,3-dihydroxy-2-(3″,4″-dihydroxy-5″-methoxybenzyl)-3-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxybenzyl)-butyrolactone (I). This lignan is the fifth member of the thujaplicatin series and is trivially named dihydroxythujaplicatin. Methylation, ethylation, and degradation studies provide proof of structure by comparison with known compounds.

Effects of leaching on fungal growth and decay of western redcedar

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Chedgy ◽  
Young Woon Lim ◽  
Colette Breuil
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Western Redcedar ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Soil Block ◽  
Block Test ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

We tested the effect of leaching on the concentration of western redcedar (WRC; Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) heartwood extractives that are known to exhibit antimicrobial activity and correlated this with fungal growth and decay. We assessed the extractive tolerance of the following fungal species: Acanthophysium lividocaeruleum , Coniophora puteana , Heterobasidion annosum , Pachnocybe ferruginea , Phellinus sulphurascens , and Phellinus weirii by measuring their growth rate (mm/day) on media with or without WRC leachate. These data were correlated with the ability of the fungal species to grow on and decay leached versus nonleached WRC. We used an ergosterol assay to estimate growth and a standard soil-block test to assess decay. We estimated that leaching reduced the concentration of 5 major extractives: (–)-plicatic acid, β-thujaplicin, γ-thujaplicin, β-thujaplicinol, and thujic acid by ~80%. Phellinus sulphurascens exhibited the lowest extractive-tolerance in vitro, grew poorly on and caused minimal decay in nonleached WRC, but it grew well on and decayed pine and leached WRC. Coniophora puteana, H. annosum, and P. weirii displayed moderate to high tolerance to leachate, grew on and caused decay in nonleached as well as leached WRC, but their growth and decay were always greatest on leached WRC and pine, suggesting that leaching enhances decay by these fungi. Acanthophysium lividocaeruleum and Pachnocybe ferruginea exhibited high extractive-tolerance. Whereas A. lividocaeruleum clearly caused decay on all types of wood, no decay was observed with Pachnocybe ferruginea, which grew very slowly in the different wood species, and it may or may not be able to decay wood.

Mefluidide-induced drought resistance in seedlings of three conifer species

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092
Author(s):  
Salim N. Silim ◽  
Robert D. Guy ◽  
Denis P. Lavender
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

Short-term effects of the plant growth retardant mefluidide on drought resistance were investigated in seedlings of western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn), yellow cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis D. Don), and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Mefluidide was applied as a root drench at concentrations of 0, 0.1, and 0.4 mg∙L−1. Following this, seedlings were stressed by withholding water for a period of up to 7 days and then watering regularly thereafter. Stomatal conductance of the mefluidide-treated seedlings decreased significantly and remained lower than the control seedlings throughout the stress period. As a result of the decreased conductance, shoot water potentials in mefluidide-treated seedlings remained higher throughout the stress period. There was a decrease in net photosynthesis that was partially caused by stomatal limitations, the severity of which depended upon the concentration of mefluidide applied. Mefluidide treatment also resulted in an accumulation of abscisic acid in all three species, and this may have been responsible for the effects on stomatal conductance and water relations. In contrast, the mefluidide-treated seedlings had the highest rates of photosynthesis after rewatering, resulting primarily from a promotion of stomatal opening. Key words: stomatal conductance, water potential, photosynthesis, plant growth inhibitors, abscisic acid, cold hardiness.

EXPERIMENTS ON THE PRECOCIOUS FLOWERING OF WESTERN RED CEDAR AND FOUR SPECIES OF CUPRESSUS WITH GIBBERELLINS A3 AND A4/A7 MIXTURE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1519-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Pharis ◽  
William Morf
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Cupressus Lusitanica ◽  
Precocious Flowering ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Cupressus Arizonica ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

Induction of staminate and ovulate strobili was obtained on western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn) by foliar application of gibberellin A3. Staminate strobili could be induced as early as age 4 months after 3.5 months of treatment under long-day conditions, but further development of the strobilus required a photoperiodic sequence of long-day — short-day — long-day. Induction of the ovulate strobilus may also have occurred under long-day conditions at an early age, but development did not become apparent until the above photoperiodic sequence had been given. Age at this time was 12 months. It is concluded that induction and development of the strobilus is under photoperiodic as well as hormonal control.Foliar application of gibberellin A3 and a gibberellin A4/A7 mixture to pygmy cypress (Cupressus pygmaea Sarg.), Portuguese cypress (Cupressus lusitanica Mill.), and Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica Greene) at age 7–9 months resulted in induction of staminate strobili on all plants. Length of time to flowering varied both with species of plant and gibberellin. Application of gibberellin A3 to Arizona and Portuguese cypress seedlings resulted in production of ovulate as well as staminate strobili at ages 21 and 10 months respectively. Mourning cypress (Cupressus funebris Endl.) still in a juvenile needle stage at age 9 months has proved unresponsive to foliar application of gibberellin A3 for at least 100 days.

Factors limiting the early survivorship of Thuja plicata on northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 854-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Weber ◽  
Benjamin Gilbert ◽  
JP (Hamish) Kimmins ◽  
C E Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Successional Species ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

Western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), a late successional species on northern Vancouver Island, has a low seedling survival in mature hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) – amabilis fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex J. Forbes) (HA) stands. Shade, moss competition, and substrate were tested as causes of low cedar establishment. Cedar seeds were sown on reference and local soils isolated from surrounding soil, on nonisolated local soil, and on forest floor with moss removed. Western hemlock, amabilis fir, and cedar seeded on forest floor acted as controls. Treatments were implemented in the HA interior and the HA–clearcut edge, with soil treatments also implemented in clearcuts. Germinants and very young seedlings of cedar have a low leaf area of needle-like primary foliage. Cedar development of secondary foliage (the scale foliage normally associated with this species) was correlated with greater vigour and growth. Secondary foliage developed in the rankings forest edge and clearcut > forest interior, and reference isolated soil > local isolated soil > nonisolated local soil. Seedling survival rankings were edge > interior, and amabilis fir > hemlock > cedar on soil and with moss removed > cedar on forest floor. Cedar and amabilis fir showed a smaller growth response to light than hemlock. The results indicate that cedar, normally considered a late successional species, needs disturbance for early seedling establishment and survival and thus has some characteristics of an early seral species.

scholarly journals Effect of Foliar-Applied Gibberellin A3 on Male and Female Strobilus Production and Cone and Seed Quality in Western Redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn)

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-306
Author(s):  
J.H. Russell ◽  
O. Hak
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Western Redcedar ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Gibberellin A3 ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

Abstract Western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn) foliar-applied gibberellin A3 (GA3) induction trials were performed over a 4-year period at a number of different seed orchards in coastal British Columbia. The effects of GA3 timing, concentration, and frequency on male and female strobilus production, as well as timing on seed quality, were studied. Male and female strobili were induced over the complete span of shoot elongation from May to August, indicative of a less-precise induction period than species in the Pinaceae family. Female strobilus production was correlated with shoot increment, such that maximum cone production was associated with maximum shoot elongation. In addition, seed quality decreased with decreasing shoot increments in August. For operational efficiency, a one-time foliar application of 200 mg/l GA3 is sufficient for adequate female strobilus production. To increase the female-to-male strobilus ratio, a two-time foliar application of GA3 mid-May and mid-July, concentrating on vigorous shoots, is recommended. Results are discussed in relation to seed orchard management techniques that may potentially influence selfing rates.

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