scholarly journals Estimation of clonal contribution to cone and seed crops in a Sitka spruce seed orchard

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Chaisurisri ◽  
YA El-Kassaby
Keyword(s):  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Seed Crops

Field performance and early test results of offspring from two Norway spruce seed orchards containing clones transferred to warmer climates

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Skrøppa ◽  
Ketil Kohmann ◽  
Øystein Johnsen ◽  
Arne Steffenrem ◽  
Øyvind M. Edvardsen
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Seed Crops

We present results from early tests and field trials of offspring from two Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seed orchards containing clones that have been transferred from high altitudes to sea level and from northern to southern latitudes. Seedlings from seeds produced in the low-altitude seed orchard developed frost hardiness later at the end of the growth season, flushed later in field trials, and grew taller than seedlings from seeds produced in natural stands. They had the lowest mortality rate and the lowest frequency of injuries in the field trials. Similar results were observed in seedlings from seeds produced in the southern seed orchard. We found no adverse effects of the changed growth rhythm. Seedlings from two seed crops in the southern orchard, produced in years with a warm and a cold summer, had different annual growth rhythms. The results are explained mainly by the effects of the climatic conditions during the reproductive phase. Seed crops from different years in the same seed orchard may produce seedlings that perform as if they were from different provenances. It is argued that the effects of the climatic conditions during seed production must contribute to the variation among provenances of Norway spruce.

Clonal-row versus random seed orchard designs: interior spruce mating system evaluation

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.A. El-Kassaby ◽  
M.U. Stoehr ◽  
D. Reid ◽  
C.G. Walsh ◽  
T.E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Outcrossing Rate ◽  
Genetic Quality ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
A Minor

Mating system pattern (selfing or outcrossing and correlated matings levels) comparisons between two interior spruce seed orchard designs (clonal-row and random) managed under intensive crown and pollen management were conducted. Crown manipulation consisted of tree topping and branch pruning, while pollen management involved multiple supplemental mass-pollination applications during peak seed-cone reproductive receptivity and pollen agitation using helicopters. Significant differences between orchards’ multilocus outcrossing rate estimates were observed, and both estimates significantly departed from complete outcrossing (t = 1.0). Clonal arrangements in the clonal-row design permitted higher chances for selfing (t = 0.948) in comparison with those of the random design (t = 0.989). Intensive pollen management, while effective, still produced a minor component of selfing. Both orchard designs produced similar individual tree's outcrossing rate trends with the majority showing high outcrossing, while few individuals showed high selfing propensity. Estimates of correlated mating varied substantially between the two seed orchard designs with 9.3% and 4.3% for the clonal-row and random seed orchards, respectively. While small but significant differences in the genetic quality of the seed crops were observed between the two orchard designs, the establishment of clonal-row seed orchards should be given serious considerations specifically under committed pollen and crown management. The ease of crop and orchard management in the clonal-row design outweighs the observed differences in the seed crop genetic quality. A slight modification to the clonal-row design is proposed and is expected to reduce the observed minor genetic quality differences between the two orchard designs.

scholarly journals Integrating fecundity variation and genetic relatedness in estimating the gene diversity of seed crops: Pinus koraiensis seed orchard as an example

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Min Park ◽  
Soon-Ho Kwon ◽  
He-Jin Lee ◽  
Sung-Joon Na ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Seed Crops

The genetic gain and gene diversity of seed crops from a 1.5-generation clonal seed orchard of Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. were estimated under consideration of parental genetic values and fecundity variation. Fecundity variation among clones was estimated for 5 consecutive years (2010–2014) as the sibling coefficient, which was drawn from clonal contribution to the total production of seed conelet. To monitor gene diversity, status number was estimated by the integration of fecundity variation and group coancestry. Group coancestry was calculated as the average of genetic relatedness (coancestry) among orchard clones. The averages of conelet production were high in 2010 and 2011, moderate in 2013 and 2014, and poor in 2012 with a grand mean of 13.7. Correlation analysis showed that good conelet producers consistently gave good production. Cumulative distribution of clonal conelet production was presented as a function of the total conelet yield, and this distribution indicated deviation from the expected clonal equal production. Group coancesrtry was 0.0096, indicating minimal loss of gene diversity. Status number and genetic gain were higher in good than in poor conelet production years, highlighting the importance of fecundity variation in determining the genetic gain and gene diversity of seed orchard crops.

scholarly journals Genetic Gain and Diversity of Orchard Crops Under Alternative Management Options in a Clonal Seed Orchard of Pinus thunbergii

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Suk Kang ◽  
D. Lindgren ◽  
T. J. Mullin ◽  
W.-Y. Choi ◽  
S.-U. Han
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Pollen Contamination ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Selective Harvest ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Seed Crops

Abstract Genetic gain and diversity, expressed by status number, of seed crops from a clonal seed orchard of Pinus thunbergii were estimated considering selection, fertility variation and pollen contamination, and compared for different management alternatives (selective harvest, genetic thinning and combination of both options). Management variables included the proportion of clones left after selective harvest and/or genetic thinning. The impact on genetic gain and diversity of seed crops was quantified as a function of the quantity and quality of gene flow from outside the seed orchard. Genetic gain varied with the proportion of selected or thinned clones. Genetic thinning by means of truncation selection of clones resulted in a large decrease in status number, which was accompanied by greater genetic gain than achieved by selective harvest alone. As expected, gene flow from outside the seed orchard greatly increased status number of the seed crop at higher rates of pollen contamination under all management options. The formulae and results of the present study could be used for identifying favorable selection intensity and alternatives for orchard management.

scholarly journals Gender, reproductive output covariation and their role on gene diversity of Pinus koraiensis seed orchard crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Min Park ◽  
Hye-In Kang ◽  
Da-Bin Yeom ◽  
Kyu-Suk Kang ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Fundamental Equation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Census Number ◽  
Seed Crops

Abstract Background Gender and fertility variation have an impact on mating dynamics in a population because they affect the gene exchange among parental members and the genetic composition of the resultant seed crops. Fertility is the proportional gametic contribution of parents to their progeny. An effective number of parents, derivative of effective population size, is the probability that two alleles randomly chosen from the gamete gene pool originated from the same parent. The effective number of parents is directly related to the fertility variation among parents, which should be monitored for manipulating gene diversity of seed crops. We formulated a fundamental equation of estimating the effective number of parents and applied it to a seed production population. Results Effective number of parents (Np) was derived from fertility variation (Ψ) considering covariance (correlation coefficient, r) between maternal and paternal fertility. The Ψ was calculated from the coefficient of variation in reproductive outputs and divided into female (ψf) and male (ψm) fertility variation in the population under study. The Np was estimated from the parental Ψ estimated by the fertility variation of maternal (ψf) and paternal (ψm) parents. The gene diversity of seed crops was monitored by Ψ and Np. in a 1.5 generation Pinus koraiensis seed orchard as a case of monoecious species. A large variation of female and male strobili production was observed among the studied 52 parents over four consecutive years, showing statistically significant differences across all studied years. Parental balance curve showed greater distortion in paternal than maternal parents. The Ψ ranged from 1.879 to 4.035 with greater ψm than ψf, and the Np varied from 14.8 to 36.8. When pooled, the relative effective number of parents was improved as 80.0% of the census number. Conclusions We recommend the use of fertility variation (i.e., CV, Ψ), Person’s product-moment correlation (r), and effective number of parents (Np) as tools for gauging gene diversity of seed crops in production populations. For increasing Np and gene diversity, additional management options such as mixing seed-lots, equal cone harvest and application of supplemental-mass-pollination are recommended.

scholarly journals Gender, reproductive output covariation and their role on gene diversity of Pinus koraiensis seed orchard crops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Suk Kang ◽  
Ji-Min Park ◽  
Hye-In Kang ◽  
Da-Bin Yeom ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Fundamental Equation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Census Number ◽  
Seed Crops

Abstract Background: Gender and fertility variation have an impact on mating dynamics in a population because they affect the gene exchange among parental members and the genetic composition of the resultant seed crops. Fertility is the proportional gametic contribution of parents to their progeny. An effective number of parents, derivative of effective population size, is the probability that two alleles randomly chosen from the gamete gene pool originated from the same parent. The effective number of parents is directly related to the fertility variation among parents, which should be monitored for manipulating gene diversity of seed crops. We formulated a fundamental equation of estimating the effective number of parents and applied it to a seed production population.Results: Effective number of parents (Np) was derived from fertility variation (Y) considering covariance (correlation coefficient, r) between maternal and paternal fertility. The Y was calculated from the coefficient of variation in reproductive outputs and divided into female (yf) and male (ym) fertility variation in the population under study. The Np was estimated from the parental Y estimated by the fertility variation of maternal (yf) and paternal (ym) parents. The gene diversity of seed crops was monitored by Y and Np. in a 1.5 generation Pinus koraiensis seed orchard as a case of monoecious species. A large variation of female and male strobili production was observed among the studied 52 parents for four consecutive years, showing statistically significant across all studied years. Parental balance curve showed greater distortion in paternal parents than maternal parents. The Y ranged from 1.879 to 4.035 with greater ym than yf, and the Np varied from 14.8 to 36.8. When pooled, the relative effective number of parents was improved as 80.0% of the census number. Conclusions: We recommend the use of fertility variation (i.e., CV, Y), Person’s product-moment correlation (r) and effective number of parents (Np) as tools for gauging gene diversity of seed crops in production populations. For increasing Np and gene diversity, additional management options such as mixing seed-lots, equal cone harvest and application of supplemental-mass-pollination are recommended.

scholarly journals Crossing Success in Abies nordmanniana Following Artificial Pollination With a Pollen Mixture of A. nordmanniana and A. alba

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. K. Hansen ◽  
U. B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Abies Alba ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Reproductive Barriers ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Abies Nordmanniana ◽  
Pollen Mixture ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Mating Interaction ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Siring Success

AbstractControlled crossings were conducted with three Abies nordmanniana genotypes acting as mothers and a pollen mixture of three Abies nordmanniana genotypes and one Abies alba genotype acting as potential fathers. The aim was to investigate hybridization success under circumstances where pollen from both species are present, which is a potential risk in Danish clonal seed orchards of Abies nordmanniana. The number of seeds sired by each father was determined through SSRs and compared to the expected numbers based on the pollen mixture composition. All three mother genotypes of Abies nordmanniana had more progenies with the Abies alba as father (hybrids) than expected, based on proportions in the pollen mix. This indicates that no reproductive barriers between the two species exist, and that seed orchard managers should take precautions to avoid hybrids in seed crops. Furthermore, the experiments revealed quite different siring success of the three Abies nordmanniana genotypes, depending on which clone was the mother. Abies nordmanniana seed orchards should therefore not be established in the vicinity of Abies alba in the flowering age, and if a few-clone set up is chosen, the mating interaction should be investigated beforehand through pollen mix experiments.

scholarly journals Variation in Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae) Reproductive Output and Its Effect on Seed Orchard Crops’ Genetic Diversity

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1429
Author(s):  
Siqian Jiao ◽  
Meiyu Li ◽  
Yuanjiao Zhu ◽  
Shanshan Zhou ◽  
Shiwei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Platycladus Orientalis ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Seed Crops

The genetic efficiency of seed orchards is crucial for determining seed crops’ genetic gain and diversity. Platycladus orientalis is a conifer tree of important ecological value in China. Here, we assessed the reproductive output (fertility) variation for 166 clones in a first-generation P. orientalis seed orchard over five years and across three years for each gender (female: 2017, 2018, and 2020 and male: 2017, 2019, and 2021). Fertility variation and genetic diversity parameters were estimated for each gender-year combination. The reproductive output (fertility) variation differed among years, provinces, clones nested within provinces, and ramets within clones. We observed asymmetry in the gender reproductive output and parental imbalance and determined their profound effects on the genetic diversity of these seed crops. The maleness index revealed the existence of female-biased or male-biased clones. When seeds from multiple individuals and years were blended, we found an increase in the effective number of parents (Np) and in genetic diversity (GD), and a reduced fertility variation (Ψ) in the seed orchard. When we set the effective number of parents (Np) to 30, the GD of the seed orchard could be maintained at more than 95%. Thus, achieving genetic diversity balance in seed production can be accomplished through monitoring the fertility variation of orchards and through the utilization of the thereby generated information for the advanced generation of seed orchards.

Characterization of flowering phenology and seed yield in a Pinussylvestris clonal seed orchard in Nebraska

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1721-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa K. Boes ◽  
James R. Brandle ◽  
William R. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields

Forty-two Eurasian Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) clones in a Nebraska seed orchard were observed over 3 years for the phenology of pollen release and seed-cone receptivity and for the production of cones and filled seed. A preliminary investigation had indicated that seed yields were less than expected, and nonsynchronous flowering phenology due to wide genetic diversity was considered as a possible cause. The clones were divided into six regions based on geographic origin and analyzed for variation between regions and between clones within regions. Most variation in cones per tree and filled seeds per cone was due to differences between clones. Most variation in weight per seed was due to differences between regions. The order in which clones began releasing pollen and became receptive remained the same from year to year, but the duration of these events differed between years. Results indicated that nonsynchronous flowering phenology due to genetic diversity is not a likely cause of low seed yield. Seed crops (19.3 kg/ha, 97 000 seeds/kg) were not necessarily lower than should be expected, but 90% of a given year's crop was produced by an average of only 26 clones. With the paternal contribution of each clone to the seed crop unknown, collecting and sowing seed separately by clone is recommended.

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