scholarly journals Effects of addition of water-filled bladders or volatile fatty acids into the rumen on digesta passage in the dairy cow eating ad libitum

1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Peyraud ◽  
BP Widyobroto ◽  
P. Faverdin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Digesta Passage

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE ADDITION OF GLUCOGENIC MATERIALS TO THE RATIONS OF LACTATING COWS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
F. D. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Glutamate, succinate, propylene glycol, or glycerol were added to a basic concentrate at 3.3% of air-dry feed. Each concentrate was fed both ad libitum and in restricted amounts to four cows in early lactation. Dietary intake, milk yield and composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids and blood glucose, ketones and plasma free fatty acids were used as criteria of effect of these supplements. Propylene glycol in the diet resulted in a lower intake of concentrate compared with glycerol (11.44 versus 14.30 kg/day) and significantly decreased (P < 0.05) rumen butyrate and plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate. Glutamate supplementation prevented the fall in milk fat content which occurred when the other three supplemented concentrates were fed ad libitum, and this effect may have been related to the constancy in the ratio of acetate to propionate in the rumen fluid.

scholarly journals Supplementation of Dairy Cow Diets with Ammonium Salts of Volatile Fatty Acids

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2895-2907 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Peirce-Sandner ◽  
A.M. Papas ◽  
J.A. Rogers ◽  
T.F. Sweeney ◽  
K.A. Cummins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonium Salts

Sites of organic acid production and absorption in gastrointestinal tract of the pig

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Argenzio ◽  
M Southworth
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Organic Acid Production ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Digesta Passage

The relationship between diet, pH, and microbial digestion of carbohydrate was examined in 24 pigs fed either a conventional or a low-protein, high-cellulose experimental diet and sacrificed 2, 4, 8, or 12 h after a meal. In animals fed the control diet contents of the cranial half of the stomach demonstrated marked, cyclic fluctuations in pH and high concentrations of organic acids. Contents of the caudal (glandular) half were lower in both pH and organic acid concentration. Despite concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as high as 250 meq/liter in the large intestine, the pH remained relatively neutral. The VFA levels remained relatively constant throughout the length of the colon. The VFA transport across isolated gastric and large intestinal mucosa also was examined. All four types of gastric mucosa absorbed and transported VFA at substantial rates. Mucosa of pig cecum and colon transported VFA at much greater rates than gastric mucosa and greater rates than previously determined in equine large intestinal mucosa or even bovine rumen epithelium. Comparison with results of earlier studies in the pony suggested that the higher concentration of VFA in the large intestinal contents of pigs was due to the more rapid rate of digesta passage rather than to less efficient absorption of fatty acids.

Ground roughage in the diet of the early-weaned calf

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Molar Percentage ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Ground Wheat

SUMMARYAn experiment was conducted with 60 male Friesian calves between 5 and 11 weeks of age. The experiment was a 5×2×2 factorial design. The five major treatments were the inclusion of 20 or 40% ground wheat straw or 20, 40 or 60% ground lucerne in a pelleted diet. A methane inhibitor was included in the diet given to 30 of the calves. The diets were given alone or with a chaffed wheat straw supplementad libitum. All diets contained 2% sodium bicarbonate.The weight gain of the calves was greater with the diets containing ground lucerne than with those containing ground wheat straw, but in both cases weight gains were reduced with increasing roughage content of the diets. The efficiency of feed conversion showed a similar trend. The supplementation of the diets with chaffed wheat straw did not affect the performance of the calves. The inclusion of the methane inhibitor in the diets improved the weight gains and efficiency of feed conversion. The daily retention of nitrogen in the calves showed a similar trend to the growth rates.The molar percentage of acetate in the rumen increased as the roughage content of the diets increased while the proportions of propionate, butyrate and valerate decreased. The inclusion of the methane inhibitor in the diets decreased the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen and increased the molar percentage of propionate, butyrate and valerate.

Changes in composition and pH of digesta along the gastrointestinal tract of sheep in relation to scouring induced by wheat engorgement

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum

Changes in the composition of digesta along the gastrointestinal tract of scouring sheep fed on wheat grain ad libitum were studied relative to sheep fed on lucerne hay ad libitum. Wheat engorgement significantly (P < 0.005) depressed the pH of the digesta in the reticulorumen and the digestive tract distal to the jejunum. A mean total volatile fatty acids concentration of 10.3mM in the caecum of scouring sheep was significantly lower than the mean of 51.6mM in sheep fed on lucerne hay. Net absorption of water was negligible in the colon of scouring sheep as digesta were only 13.7–14.7% dry matter, whereas in sheep fed on lucerne, the dry matter of digesta increased from 14.7% in the caecum to 27.9% at the rectum.

Digestion of pasture plants by sheep. V. Studies with subterranean and berseem clovers

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Weston ◽  
JP Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Ad Libitum

Subterranean and berseem clovers, harvested at early and late stages of maturity, were dried and offered to sheep ad libitum, or at about 90 % of ad libitum intake. Feed consumption and the times spent in ruminating and eating were measured when the forages were offered ad libitum and several aspects of digestion were studied at the restricted level of feeding. The effects of maturity on (i) forage chemical composition, (ii) nutrient digestibility, (iii) parameters relating to the movement of digesta through the stomach, (iv) ruminal volatile fatty acid production, (v) the molar proportions of individual amino acids in abomasal digesta and peripheral blood plasma, (vi) nitrogen balance, and (vii) the time and energy expenditure in ruminating and eating, were generally the same with these clovers as has been observed previously with grasses. Substantial amounts of nutrients were derived from forages harvested in the immature state, the consumption of which provided about 1200 g organic matter per day. It was calculated that under conditions of ad libitum feeding about 500 g of volatile fatty acids was produced in the rumen and 160-230 g of crude protein was digested in the intestines per day. High mean values for nitrogen balance were obtained with immature subterranean clover but the variation between sheep was large. The levels of amino acids in blood plasma were also exceptionally high with this diet. The data obtained on the digestion of immature clover forages were compared with those obtained previously with immature grass forages. The patterns of digestion were generally very similar for both types of forages and any differences observed could usually be ascribed to the higher feed intake with the clovers. The forages had similar capacities to furnish volatile fatty acids in the rumen and digested crude protein in the intestines. The calculated energy expenditure in eating and ruminating, however, was slightly lower for the clovers. The data were interpreted to indicate that if immature clovers are superior to immature grasses in promoting animal production, the superiority cannot be attributed to an inherent capacity of clovers to provide the animal with a more favourable balance of nutrients.

THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC ACID SALTS ON GROWTH AND RUMEN VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS OF SHEEP FED PELLETED OR CHOPPED HIGH-ROUGHAGE RATIONS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
H. M. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The One ◽  
Standard Ration

Four experiments were conducted with sheep to compare the addition of sodium citrate and sodium propionate to pelleted and unpelleted rations and to determine the response to sodium citrate supplementation of different quality-hays. There were no significant differences in rate of gain or feed consumption of a ⅔ roughage −⅓ concentrate ration due to supplementation with sodium citrate or sodium propionate. Pelleting either the mixed ration or all-roughage rations increased feed consumption and rate of gain in all experiments. Pelleting the mixed ration decreased digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and nitrogen in the one experiment in which this was determined. Pregnant and lactating ewes lost less body weight when fed a limited amount of long hay plus pelleted hay ad libitum than similar ewes fed a standard ration of long hay ad libitum plus 0.5 lb of concentrates per day. It was necessary to feed lambs 0.5 lb of rolled barley per day with long hay ad libitum to obtain gains equal to those of similar lambs fed pelleted hay ad libitum. The addition of sodium citrate significantly increased the rate of gain of lambs fed ad libitum a slightly moldy, weathered legume hay in the pelleted form together with 0.25 lb of long hay per head per day.The addition of sodium citrate to a mixed ration or to all-roughage rations did not usually alter the proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids. The addition of sodium propionate decreased the proportion of acetic acid while increasing that of propionic acid. In both experiments where this was determined, pelleting an all-roughage ration resulted in a decrease in the proportion of acetic acid and an increase in the longer chain volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid.

Sampling of digestive contents by ileal cannulation in the rabbit

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gidenne ◽  
T. Bouyssou ◽  
Y. Ruckebusch
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Conscious Animals ◽  
Digestive Contents ◽  
Repeated Samples

ABSTRACTA technique is described for the collection of digestive contents with a glass T-shaped ileal cannula, in rabbits fed ad libitum. Repeated samples of ileal contents were easily obtained by gravity from conscious animals lying in a hammock for 1 h, twice a week, over a period of 2 months. Analysis of the ileal contents showed no diurnal variations in concentrations of crude protein, neutral-detergent fibre, ammonia, and total short-chain volatile fatty acids. The fresh weight output was maximal at 09.00 h and minimal at 03.00 h. The transit time of phenol sulphone phthalein between mouth and ileum was 75 (s.d. 14) min and did not vary according to the time of day when measured (08.00 to 12.00 h, 14.00 to 18.00 h, 20.00 to 24.00 h).

The roughage requirement of the early-weaned calf

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hi Shin Kang ◽  
Jane Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYAn experiment was conducted with 50 male Friesian calves between 5 and 11 weeks of age. Milled wheat straw (0·95 cm screen) was included in a pelleted all-concentrate diet at concentrations of 0, 15, 30 or 45 %. The nitrogen content of the diets was maintained by the addition of urea. The diets were given alone or with a chaffed lucerne hay or wheat straw supplement ad libitum. All diets contained 2 % sodium bicarbonate.The feed intake and weight gains of the calves were increased significantly by the inclusion of 15 % milled wheat straw, but were reduced by 30 or 45 % straw. The supplements of chaffed wheat straw or lucerne hay ad libitum did not influence the performance of the calves. The inclusion of wheat straw in the diets reduced their dry-matter digestibility but the digestibility of acid detergent fibre was maximal with 27 % straw. The digestibility of nitrogen was significantly increased by 15% straw but reduced by further increases in straw.The inclusion of wheat straw in the diets did not influence the pH of the rumen contents or the concentration of total volatile fatty acids in the rumen. Increasing the level of straw in the diet caused a significant linear increase in the proportion of acetic acid and decreases in butyric, propionic and valeric acids.

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