scholarly journals How to determine the quality of solar granulation images: The optimal window method

2000 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Giammanco
Keyword(s):  
Solar Granulation ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Optimal Window

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF KRIGING METHODS IN MOBILE GIS TO ESTIMATE DAMAGE TO BUILDINGS IN CRISIS SCENARIOS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
S. Laun ◽  
N. Rösch ◽  
M. Breunig ◽  
M. Al Doori
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mobile Gis ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Data Representations ◽  
Crisis Scenarios ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
New Applications

In the paper an example for the application of kriging methods to estimate damage to buildings in crisis scenarios is introduced. Furthermore, the Java implementations for Ordinary and Universal Kriging on mobile GIS are presented. As variogram models an exponential, a Gaussian and a spherical variogram are tested in detail. Different test constellations are introduced with various information densities. As test data set, public data from the analysis of the 2010 Haiti earthquake by satellite images are pre-processed and visualized in a Geographic Information System. As buildings, topography and other external influences cannot be seen as being constant for the whole area under investigation, semi variograms are calculated by consulting neighboured classified buildings using the so called moving window method. The evaluation of the methods shows that the underlying variogram model is the determining factor for the quality of the interpolation rather than the choice of the kriging method or increasing the information density of a random sample. The implementation is completely realized with the programming language Java. Thereafter, the implemented software component is integrated into GeoTech Mobile, a mobile GIS Android application based on the processing of standardized spatial data representations defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). As a result the implemented methods can be used on mobile devices, i.e. they may be transferred to other application fields. That is why we finally point out further research with new applications in the Dubai region.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF KRIGING METHODS IN MOBILE GIS TO ESTIMATE DAMAGE TO BUILDINGS IN CRISIS SCENARIOS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
S. Laun ◽  
N. Rösch ◽  
M. Breunig ◽  
M. Al Doori
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mobile Gis ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Data Representations ◽  
Crisis Scenarios ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
New Applications

In the paper an example for the application of kriging methods to estimate damage to buildings in crisis scenarios is introduced. Furthermore, the Java implementations for Ordinary and Universal Kriging on mobile GIS are presented. As variogram models an exponential, a Gaussian and a spherical variogram are tested in detail. Different test constellations are introduced with various information densities. As test data set, public data from the analysis of the 2010 Haiti earthquake by satellite images are pre-processed and visualized in a Geographic Information System. As buildings, topography and other external influences cannot be seen as being constant for the whole area under investigation, semi variograms are calculated by consulting neighboured classified buildings using the so called moving window method. The evaluation of the methods shows that the underlying variogram model is the determining factor for the quality of the interpolation rather than the choice of the kriging method or increasing the information density of a random sample. The implementation is completely realized with the programming language Java. Thereafter, the implemented software component is integrated into GeoTech Mobile, a mobile GIS Android application based on the processing of standardized spatial data representations defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). As a result the implemented methods can be used on mobile devices, i.e. they may be transferred to other application fields. That is why we finally point out further research with new applications in the Dubai region.

scholarly journals Prediction of Streamflow Based on Dynamic Sliding Window LSTM

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3032
Author(s):  
Limei Dong ◽  
Desheng Fang ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Robertas Damaševičius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Window Size ◽  
Sliding Window ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Dynamic Sliding Window ◽  
Optimal Window

The streamflow of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River exhibits different timing and periodicity characteristics in different quarters and months of the year, which makes it difficult to predict. Existing sliding window-based methods usually use a fixed-size window, for which the window size selection is random, resulting in large errors. This paper proposes a dynamic sliding window method that reflects the different timing and periodicity characteristics of the streamflow in different months of the year. Multiple datasets of different months are generated using a dynamic window at first, then the long-short term memory (LSTM) is used to select the optimal window, and finally, the dataset of the optimal window size is used for verification. The proposed method was tested using the hydrological data of Zhutuo Hydrological Station (China). A comparison between the flow prediction data and the measured data shows that the prediction method based on a dynamic sliding window LSTM is more accurate by 8.63% and 3.85% than the prediction method based on fixed window LSTM and the dynamic sliding window back-propagation neural network, respectively. This method can be generally used for the time series data prediction with different periodic characteristics.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Temporal and Spatial Changes of Ecological Quality in the Hami Oasis Based on RSEI

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7716
Author(s):  
Pengwen Gao ◽  
Alimujiang Kasimu ◽  
Yongyu Zhao ◽  
Bing Lin ◽  
Jinpeng Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Ecological Quality ◽  
P Values ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
Poor Grade ◽  
Window Method

Given the restrictions on special geographic locations in development processes, the measurement and analysis of the ecological quality of the Hami Oasis are of great significance for the protection of this fragile oasis. In this study, the ecological quality of the Hami Oasis was monitored by constructing a remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) for arid areas. Using the standard deviation ellipse and moving window method, the ecological status and space–time changes were explored for both their external and internal factors in the Hami Oasis. Finally, a geo-detector was employed to determine the driving factors of the ecological quality of the Hami Oasis. The results revealed that: (1) In the remote sensing ecological index constructed in the Hami Oasis, the main influencing factors were dryness and wetness. The average value of the ecological quality of the oasis was less than 0.5, and the ecological quality level was relatively poor. Among the five grades of ecological quality in the Hami Oasis, the poor grade and the good grade showed the largest changes, decreasing by 200 and increasing by 300, respectively, which were mainly concentrated in the periphery of the oasis. (2) The improved ecological quality of the Hami Oasis was mainly manifested in the expansion of the artificial oasis, while the deteriorated area was manifested as an increase in the built-up area. Moreover, the ecological quality of the Hami Oasis presented a ringlike nesting distribution pattern from the internal built-up area to the artificial oasis periphery. (3) The external expansion direction of the ecological quality of the Hami Oasis featured southeast–northwest expansion, which was consistent with the direction of the rivers and traffic roads. The transformation between different ecological qualities in the oasis and the expansion of the built-up area were the reasons for the fragmentation of the Hami Oasis’ landscape. (4) Compared to a single factor, the dual-factor for the ecological quality of the Hami Oasis had stronger explanatory power. Moreover, changes in land use types caused changes in the ecological quality of the Hami Oasis. During the study period, we found that human activities had a more significant impact than natural factors on the development of the Hami Oasis. (5) The Moran’s I Index increased from 0.835268 in 2000 to 0.923976 in 2018, and the p values in the study area all reached a 0.05 significant level. At the same time, the areas with p values above the 0.01 and 0.001 significant levels have also increased significantly in the past 18 years.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Window Width on FRA Assessment with Numerical Indices

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Szymon Banaszak ◽  
Eugeniusz Kornatowski ◽  
Wojciech Szoka
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Data Window ◽  
Window Width ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Mechanical Faults ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Single Number

Frequency response analysis is a method used in transformer diagnostics for the detection of mechanical faults or short-circuits in windings. The interpretation of test results is often performed with the application of numerical indices. However, usually these indices are used for the whole frequency range of the recorded data, returning a single number. Such an approach is inaccurate and may lead to mistakes in the interpretation. An alternative quality assessment is based on the estimation of the local values of the quality index with the moving window method. In this paper, the authors analyse the influence of the width of the input data window for four numerical indices. The analysis is based on the data measured on the transformer with deformations introduced into the winding and also for a 10 MVA transformer measured under industrial conditions. For the first unit the analysis is performed for various window widths and for various extents of the deformation, while in the case of the second the real differences between the frequency response curves are being analysed. On the basis of the results it was found that the choice of the data window width significantly influences the quality of the analysis results and the rules for elements number selection differ for various numerical indices.

Modeling Uncertainty Based on Spatial Models in Spreading Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Stelios Zimeras ◽  
Yiannis G. Matsinos
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Models ◽  
High Dimensionality ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Modeling Uncertainty ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Complex Models

Lately, spatial models have become a powerful, necessary statistical tool to estimate parameters where data are represented by regions of interests using the window method . Estimation processes based on the high dimensionality of the data have become difficult to implement especially in cases where variability in the spatial models is the main task to investigate. Variability between spatial models considering hierarchical levels of scale, most of the time, involves errors leading to uncertainty in spatial regions. Solving the problem with uncertainty via the estimation of errors in spatial models, complex models could be simplified in easiest ones and important decisions for the quality of data could be taken.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

High Voltage Transmission Microscopy of Surveyor III Camera Shrouds

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 138-139
Author(s):  
W. R. Duff ◽  
L. E. Thomas ◽  
R. M. Fisher ◽  
S. V. Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Television Camera ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microstructural Effects ◽  
Lunar Environment ◽  
Successful Retrieval ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Abrasive Paper

Successful retrieval of the television camera and other components from the Surveyor III spacecraft by the Apollo 12 astronauts has provided a unique opportunity to study the effects of a known and relatively extensive exposure to the lunar environment. Microstructural effects including those produced by micro-meteorite impact, radiation damage (by both the solar wind and cosmic rays) and solar heating might be expected in the materials used to fabricate the spacecraft. Samples received were in the form of 1 cm2 of painted unpainted aluminum alloy sheet from the top of the camera visor (JPL Code 933) and the sides (935,936) and bottom (934) of the lower camera shroud. They were prepared for transmission electron microscopy by first hand-grinding with abrasive paper to a thickness of 0.006". The edges were lacquered and the sample electropolished in 10% perchloric methanol using the “window” method, to a thickness of ~0.001". Final thinning was accomplished by polishing 3 mm punched disks in an acetic-phosphoric-nitric acid solution.

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