scholarly journals Sliding‐mode‐based controllers for automation of blood glucose concentration for type 1 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Sheraz Ahmad Babar ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Iqra Shafeeq Mughal
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration

Early hyperglycemia following alloxan administration in vivo is not associated with altered hepatic mitochondrial function: acceptable model for type 1 diabetes?

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dairo A. Rendon ◽  
Jose A. Alvarez-Bustamante
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Alloxan Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diabetic State ◽  
Acceptable Model

Alloxan and oxidative stress, which have been detected in livers of laboratory animals shortly after in vivo alloxan administration, cause in vitro mitochondrial dysfunction, thus questioning alloxan diabetes as an acceptable model for type 1 diabetes, a model that cannot legitimately be used to investigate mitochondrial metabolism in a diabetic state. In the current study, the blood glucose concentration increased in the drug-treated group of Sprague–Dawley rats (compared with the placebo group) 45 or 60 min after alloxan treatment, whereas at 30 min the blood glucose concentration was unchanged. State 4, state 3, respiratory control, efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial ATP synthase activity, assayed using glutamate plus malate, pyruvate plus malate, or succinate as a substrate, were not negatively altered during the entire study. These results indicated that early increases of blood glucose concentration, after in vivo alloxan administration, did not lead to liver mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that alloxan diabetes can be used for the study of liver mitochondrial respiration in a diabetic state.

scholarly journals Pre-Exercise Blood Glucose Levels Determine the Amount of Orally Administered Carbohydrates during Physical Exercise in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes—A Randomized Cross-Over Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Othmar Moser ◽  
Max L. Eckstein ◽  
Alexander Mueller ◽  
Philipp Birnbaumer ◽  
Felix Aberer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to assess the amount of orally administered carbohydrates needed to maintain euglycemia during moderate-intensity exercise in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Nine participants with type 1 diabetes (four women, age 32.1 ± 9.0 years, BMI 25.5 ± 3.9 kg/m2, HbA1c 55 ± 7 mmol/mol (7.2 ± 0.6%)) on insulin Degludec were randomized to cycle for 55 min at moderate intensity (63 ± 7% VO2peak) for five consecutive days on either 75% or 100% of their regular basal insulin dose. The impact of pre-exercise blood glucose concentration on the carbohydrate requirement was analyzed by one-way ANOVA stratified for pre-exercise blood glucose quartiles. The effect of the basal insulin dose on the amount of orally administered carbohydrates was evaluated by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. The amount of orally administered carbohydrates during the continuous exercise sessions was similar for both trial arms (75% or 100% basal insulin) with median [IQR] of 36 g (9–62 g) and 36 g (9–66 g) (p = 0.78). The amount of orally administered carbohydrates was determined by pre-exercise blood glucose concentration for both trial arms (p = 0.03). Our study elucidated the importance of pre-exercise glucose concentration related orally administered carbohydrates to maintain euglycemia during exercise in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Aerobic Exercises on Blood Glucose Concentration in Healthy Girls and Girls with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (63) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrija Sideravičiūtė ◽  
Alina Gailiūnienė ◽  
Kristina Visagurskienė ◽  
Daiva Vizbaraitė
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Swimming Training

Regular aerobic exercises are benefi cial not only for healthy people. Physical activity plays a big part in the lives of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus too. Walking, biking, swimming, dancing, and many other activities are considered to be aerobic exercises and they are all healthy. What kind of physical exercises are the most useful for the youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus? So, the aim of the present study was to estimate and compare the effect of aerobic exercise such as swimming and aerobics, on blood glucose concentration of young girls. 19 girls aged 16.5 ± 0.24 years with the duration of diabetes for 8.1 ± 0.9 years and 28 healthy girls aged 16.9 ± 0.36 years participated in the study. Two experiments were carried out. The fi rst experiment was a 7-day physical exercise program, consisting of aerobics and swimming training sessions each day. The other experiment was a 14-week swimming program, where all the participants attended swimming training sessions two times per week, and there were all in all 28 training sessions. Glycemia control was assessed by blood glucose level (mmol / l) monitored before and after every training sessions during the 7-day and 14-week physical programs. After the analysis of blood test it was found, that the 7-day physical program decreased blood glucose concentration for all subjects (p < 0.05) but, swimming had a greater effect on blood glucose control for girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus than aerobics (p < 0.01). After the 14-week duration swimming program, hyperglycemia signifi cantly decre-ased for all subjects too, but it’s response to the regular physical activity in the water was the highest for diabetics (p < 0.001).The evidence obtained in this study showed that both swimming and aerobics decreased blood glucose concentration for healthy subject and for subjects with diabetes. But swimming had a greater effect on the dynamics of blood glucose level for girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus than aerobics.Keywords: type 1 diabetes mellitus, swimming, aerobics, blood glucose, glycemia.

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