Fluttar DEW-Line Gap-Filler

2013 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Skolnik
Keyword(s):  
Dew Line

Scaling Near the Critical Point in Mixture

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldred H. Chimowitz
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Critical Line ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Unique Point ◽  
Pure Fluid ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The One ◽  
Dew Line

The critical point of mixtures requires a more intricate set of conditions to hold than those at a pure-fluid critical point. In contrast to the pure-fluid case, in which the critical point occurs at a unique point, mixtures have additional thermodynamic degrees of freedom. They, therefore, possess a critical line which defines a locus of critical points for the mixture. At each point along this locus, the mixture exhibits a critical point with its own composition, temperature, and pressure. In this chapter we investigate the critical behavior of binary mixtures, since higher-order systems do not bring significant new considerations beyond those found in binaries. We deal first with mixtures at finite compositions along the critical locus, followed by consideration of the technologically important case involving dilute mixtures near the solvent’s critical point. Before taking up this discussion, however, we briefly describe some of the main topographic features of the critical line of systems of significant interest: those for which nonvolatile solutes are dissolved in a solvent near its critical point. The critical line divides the P–T plane into two distinctive regions. The area above the line is a one-phase region, while below this line, phase transitions can occur. For example, a mixture of overall composition xc will have a loop associated with it, like the one shown in figure 4.1, which just touches the critical line of the mixture at a unique point. The leg of the curve to the “left” of the critical point is referred to as the bubble line; while that to the right is termed the dew line. Phase equilibrium occurs between two phases at the point where the bubble line at one composition intersects the dew line; this requires two loops to be drawn of the sort shown in figure 4.1. A question naturally arises as to whether or not all binary systems exhibit continuous critical lines like that shown. In particular we are interested in the situation involving a nonvolatile solute dissolved in a supercritical fluid of high volatility.

The Rampart Dam proposal for Yukon River

Polar Record ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (78) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Cooke
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Federal Funds ◽  
Military Installations ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Economic Foundation ◽  
Dew Line

The economic foundation of Alaska is not sufficiently broad and diversified to be secure. For twenty years past, the economy has been bolstered by heavy expenditures of federal funds, first on the building and manning of large military installations, more recently on the building and manning of DEW-line and BMEWS radar sites. But in the last few years, finding expenditure of military money within the State much reduced, Alaskan businessmen and legislators have become increasingly eager to secure the interest of other agencies capable of investing large sums in programmes of construction and development.

RADARSAT-2 spotlight mode interferometry time series data for monitoring arctic DEW Line Clean Up

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Secker ◽  
Karim E. Mattar ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Dawn Price ◽  
David Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Dew Line

scholarly journals Notes on Culture Change and Personality Adjustment Among the North Alaska Eskimos

ARCTIC ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman A. Chance
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotionally Disturbed ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
Personality Adjustment ◽  
The North ◽  
Medical Index ◽  
Rapid Transition ◽  
Dew Line ◽  
Apparent Influence

Discusses the effects of rapid transition to western culture, as investigated at Kaktovik on Barter Island since 1958. Due to various factors, noted, this community adjusted to wage labor at a nearby DEW Line radar installation without undue disruption. The effects on individual mental health, as indicated by the Cornell Medical Index questionnaire, were examined in 1960. Results suggest that individuals whose knowledge of white culture was less than their degree of identification with it tended to be more emotionally disturbed than those whose knowledge matched or exceeded their identification. Women showed more symptoms of disturbance than men; other demographic factors (age, education, etc.) had no apparent influence.

NOTES ON THE SESSION ON GOVERNMENT SCIENCE AT THE SEG CONVENTION IN GALVESTON, TEXAS, NOVEMBER 1960

Geophysics ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-513
Author(s):  
F. A. Van Melle
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Seismic Station ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Seismic Control ◽  
System A ◽  
Seismic Detection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nuclear Tests ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Dew Line

The history of the attempts at seismic control of nuclear tests shows that even before the discovery of decoupling or muffling—known in seismic exploration from shooting in a dry cavity—of explosions, the state of the art favored the cheating nation. With muffling, detection lags concealment of small nuclear tests by a factor in excess of one hundred. Technical and political considerations cannot be separated. A multibillion dollar effort such as the 180 seismic‐station Geneva system should not be undertaken without virtual certainty of adequate detection. If delays in construction, operation, and in situ inspection rendered the program ineffective within Russia and China after the free world had spent billions on the network in other parts of the world; the West would have suffered a sensitive cold war defeat and incurred the resentment of the underdeveloped nations. It would face frustration and loss of confidence at home. A fraction of the number of Geneva stations within the U.S.S.R., supplemented by a world‐wide net of seismological observatories of universities and other bodies with standard modern equipment and exchange of personnel and data, would have all the indirect advantages claimed by Dr. H. Bethe for the full Geneva system. A break‐through in research to advance detection by a factor in excess of one hundred is needed before an effort of DEW line magnitude appears justified. The probability of radical break‐throughs in research is never large. This diminishes the importance of attempts to improve detection by factors of two or three and of auxiliary development projects, such as those connected with on‐site inspection which presuppose effective seismic detection by a world‐wide net of stations.

Beach observations of plastic and marine litter along the Northwest Passage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gijsbers ◽  
Hester Jiskoot
Keyword(s):  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Chukchi Sea ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Canadian Arctic Archipelago ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Northwest Passage ◽  
Distant Early Warning ◽  
Dew Line

<p>Marine litter and microplastics are everywhere. Even the Arctic Ocean, Svalbard and Jan Mayen Island are contaminated as various publications confirm. Little, however, is reported about marine waters and shores of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. This poster presents the results of a privately funded citizen science observation to scan remote beaches along the Northwest Passage for marine litter pollution.</p><p>The observations were conducted while enjoying the 2019 Northwest Passage sailing expedition of the Tecla, a 1915 gaff-ketch herring drifter. The expedition started in Ilulissat, Greenland, on 1 August and ended in Nome, Alaska, on 18 September. After crossing Baffin Bay, the ship continued along Pond Inlet, Navy Board Inlet, Lancaster Sound, Barrow Strait, Peel Sound, Franklin Strait, Rea Strait, Simpson Strait, Queen Maud Gulf, Coronation Gulf, Amundsen Gulf, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea and Bering Strait. The vessel anchored in the settlement harbours of Pond Inlet, Taloyoak, Gjoa Haven, Cambridge Bay and Herschel Island. In addition, Tecla’s crew made landings at remote beaches on Disko Island (Fortune Bay, Disko Fjord), Beechey Island (Union Bay), Somerset Island (Four Rivers Bay), Boothia Peninsula (Weld Harbour), King William Island (M’Clintock Bay), Jenny Lind Island, and at Kugluktuk and Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula.</p><p>Following the categorization of the OSPAR Guideline for Monitoring Marine Litter on Beaches, litter observations were conducted without penetrating the beach surfaces. Beach stretches scanned varied in length from 100-400 m. No observations were conducted at inhabited settlements or at the abandoned settlements visited on Disko Island (Nipisat) and Beechey Island (Northumberland House).</p><p>Observations on the most remote beaches found 2-5 strongly bleached or decayed items in places such as Union Bay, Four Rivers Bay, Weld Harbour, Jenny Lind Island (Queen Maud Gulf side). Landings within 15 km of local settlements (Fortune Bay, Disko Fjord, Kugluktuk, Tuktoyaktuk) or near military activity (Jenny Lind Island, bay side) showed traces of local camping, hunting or fishing activities, resulting in item counts between 7 and 29. At the lee shore spit of M’Clintock Bay, significant pollution (> 100 items: including outboard engine parts, broken ceramic, glass, clothing, decayed batteries, a crampon and a vinyl record) was found, in contrast to a near-pristine beach on the Simpson Strait side. The litter type and concentration, as well as the remains of a building and shipwrecked fishing vessel indicate that this is an abandoned settlement, possibly related to the construction of the nearby Distant Early Warning Line radar site CAM-2 of Gladman Point. DEW Line sites have long been associated with environmental disturbances.</p><p>Given the 197 beach items recorded, it can be concluded that the beaches of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, which are blocked by sea ice during most of the year, are not pristine. Truly remote places have received marine pollution for decades to centuries. Where (abandoned) settlements are at close range pollution from local activities can be discovered, while ocean currents, wind patterns, ice rafting, distance to river mouths, and flotsam, jetsam and derelict also determine the type and amount of marine litter along the Northwest Passage.</p>

Military radar defence lines of northern North America: an historical geography

Polar Record ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (159) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
The North ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Nuclear Attack ◽  
Distant Early Warning ◽  
Dew Line ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Canada Line

AbstractNorthern Canada and Alaska from 1945 to 1951 had only a minor military presence and no radar surveillance of airborne threats. Fear of nuclear attack from the USSR led to the installation of numerous radar stations between 1951 and 1958. Alaska gained an inner and an outer arc of radar stations, and Canada the Pinetree Line, Mid-Canada Line, Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line and the little-known Pine-Gap radars of the east coast, from Newfoundland to Baffin Island. The Mid-Canada line closed in 1965 and the Pine-Gap stations were dismantled nine years later. The Pinetree and DEW lines ceased operation in 1988. Alaskan radar facilities were upgraded in the mid- 1980s, and in 1987 and 1988 similar radars were installed at the 14 stations of the North Warning Line, built along the abandoned DEW and Pine-Gap lines from northwestern Alaska to southern Labrador. Very long-range over-the-horizon radars at three locations will be completed by the early 1990s to monitor aircraft in the vicinity of Alaska and the east and west coasts of Canada. The ballistic missile early warning radars installed in the early 1960s in Alaska and Greenland received major improvements in the late 1980s.

Commemorating the Cold War in Canada: Considering the DEW Line

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Neufeld
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Dew Line ◽  
The Cold War
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