Lightning return stroke models for electromagnetic field calculations

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-132
Author(s):  
Vernon Cooray
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Return Stroke ◽  
Stroke Models

A New Calculation Method of the Lightning Electromagnetic Field Considering Variable Return Stroke Velocity

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fabio Tossani ◽  
Fabio Napolitano ◽  
Kazuyuki Ishimoto ◽  
Alberto Borghetti ◽  
Carlo Alberto Nucci
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Return Stroke

scholarly journals Evaluation of Horizontal Electric Field from the Lightning Channel by Electromagnetic Field Equations of Moving Charges

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Zhang ◽  
Erchun Zhang ◽  
Jialiang Gu
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Finite Conductivity ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Return Stroke ◽  
Lightning Channel ◽  
Soil Conductivity

The horizontal electric field from the lightning return-stroke channel is evaluated by the electromagnetic field equations of moving charges in this paper. When a lightning flash strikes the ground, the charges move upward the lightning channel at the return-stroke speed, thereby producing the electromagnetic fields. According to the electromagnetic field equations of moving charges, the detained charges, uniformly moving charges, and decelerating (or accelerating) charges in each segment of the channel generate electrostatic fields, velocity fields, and radiation fields, respectively. The horizontal component of the sum is the horizontal electric field over the perfectly conducting ground. For the real soil with finite conductivity, the Wait formula is used here for the evaluation of the horizontal electric field over the realistic soil. The proposed method can avoid the oscillation of the fields in the long distance by the FDTD method and the singularity problem of the integral equation by the Sommerfeld integral method. The influences of the return-stroke speed, distance, and soil conductivity on the horizontal electric field are also analyzed by the proposed method. The conclusions can be drawn that the horizontal electric field decreases with the increasing of the return-stroke speed; the negative offset increases with the increasing of horizontal distance and with the decreasing of the soil conductivity, thereby forming the bipolar waveform. These conclusions will be practically valuable for the protection of lightning-induced overvoltage on the transmission lines.

Comparison of lightning return-stroke models

1993 ◽  
Vol 98 (D12) ◽  
pp. 22903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Thottappillil ◽  
Martin A. Uman
Keyword(s):  
Return Stroke ◽  
Stroke Models

Electromagnetic field of multiple return stroke lightning†

1974 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAGDISH RAI‡ ◽  
S. P. GUPTA‡ ◽  
P. K. BHATTACHARYA
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Return Stroke
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