Electrical safety experience in the UK

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Safety ◽  
The Uk

Electrical Safety

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Magee ◽  
Mark Tooley
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Electrical Safety ◽  
Leakage Currents ◽  
Underground Cables ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Zero Potential ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Earth Connection ◽  
The Uk

Domestic ‘mains’ systems in the UK use AC at 50 Hz. In the USA the systems use 60 Hz. These frequencies are used as they are efficient frequencies for transmission from power generation to the users and minimise the effect of leakage currents due to capacitance, which is discussed later in this chapter. The mains is initially generated in a power station and the power generated there (volts × amps) is enough to supply a number of hospitals and consumers. The voltage and the potential to do work must be transmitted to the user and this is usually achieved with overhead pylons, or sometimes by underground cables. Both types of cable will be designed to carry current, but the higher the current, the greater power lost to heat (I 2R). It is desirable to keep the current as low as possible to reduce this transmission heat loss, and this can be done by making the voltage as high as possible. For a given power, (V × I) there can be a high V and low I or vice versa. The transmission voltage is normally greater than 11 kV. It arrives at a domestic substation and is transformed down to (in the UK) 230 V RMS by a transformer. At the substation, as illustrated in Figure 6.1, one connection of the transformer is firmly bound to earth at what is called the star point, and this forms the start of what is called the neutral lead. The earth connection forms a vital part of electrical safety. The connection on the other side of the transformer is called the live lead and this is at 230 V RMS. These two leads are taken to the individual outlets or mains sockets, the live carrying the voltage to the load, and the neutral lead carrying the return current back to the source of the supply. The earth connection of the mains socket is connected back to the star point separately, although sometimes in older installations this can be earthed locally. In this way only one of the socket points is live, and the other is at near zero potential.

The diagnosis and management of factor VIII and IX inhibitors: a guideline from the UK Haemophilia Centre Doctors' Organization (UKHCDO)

2000 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. M. Hay ◽  
T. P. Baglin ◽  
P. W. Collins ◽  
F. G. H. Hill ◽  
D. M. Keeling
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Viii And Ix ◽  
The Uk

1476: Prostate Cancer Detection in Men Aged 45-49 Years in the UK Protect (Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment) Trial

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 476-477
Author(s):  
Freddie C. Hamdy ◽  
Joanne Howson ◽  
Athene Lane ◽  
Jenny L. Donovan ◽  
David E. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Treatment Trial ◽  
Prostate Cancer Detection ◽  
The Uk

653: The Protect (Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment) Study: Evaluating Screening and Treatment of Clinically Localised Prostate Cancer in the UK

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 210-210
Author(s):  
◽  
Freddie C. Hamdy ◽  
Athene Lane ◽  
David E. Neal ◽  
Malcolm Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
The Uk

597 Can we use BNP and NTproBNP to rule out heart failure in clinical practice? Results of the UK natriuretic peptide study

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
A ZAPHIRIOU ◽  
S ROBB ◽  
G MENDEZ ◽  
T MURRAYTHOMAS ◽  
S HARDMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Rule Out

Ethnic Differences in Self-Poisoning Across South London

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-272
Author(s):  
Sean Cross ◽  
Dinesh Bhugra ◽  
Paul I. Dargan ◽  
David M. Wood ◽  
Shaun L. Greene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
White Women ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Background: Self-poisoning (overdose) is the commonest form of self-harm cases presenting to acute secondary care services in the UK, where there has been limited investigation of self-harm in black and minority ethnic communities. London has the UK’s most ethnically diverse areas but presents challenges in resident-based data collection due to the large number of hospitals. Aims: To investigate the rates and characteristics of self-poisoning presentations in two central London boroughs. Method: All incident cases of self-poisoning presentations of residents of Lambeth and Southwark were identified over a 12-month period through comprehensive acute and mental health trust data collection systems at multiple hospitals. Analysis was done using STATA 12.1. Results: A rate of 121.4/100,000 was recorded across a population of more than half a million residents. Women exceeded men in all measured ethnic groups. Black women presented 1.5 times more than white women. Gender ratios within ethnicities were marked. Among those aged younger than 24 years, black women were almost 7 times more likely to present than black men were. Conclusion: Self-poisoning is the commonest form of self-harm presentation to UK hospitals but population-based rates are rare. These results have implications for formulating and managing risk in clinical services for both minority ethnic women and men.

Childhood Intelligence Predicts Adult Trait Openness

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Helen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. This study used a longitudinal data set of 5,672 adults followed for 50 years to determine the factors that influence adult trait Openness-to-Experience. In a large, nationally representative sample in the UK (the National Child Development Study), data were collected at birth, in childhood (age 11), adolescence (age 16), and adulthood (ages 33, 42, and 50) to examine the effects of family social background, childhood intelligence, school motivation during adolescence, education, and occupation on the personality trait Openness assessed at age 50 years. Structural equation modeling showed that parental social status, childhood intelligence, school motivation, education, and occupation all had modest, but direct, effects on trait Openness, among which childhood intelligence was the strongest predictor. Gender was not significantly associated with trait Openness. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed.

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