Experimental approach of the electromagnetic effects in vivo due to the solitary-waves radiated by a confined plasma antenna

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dubost ◽  
A. Bellossi
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Waves ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Plasma Antenna ◽  
Electromagnetic Effects

Aerobic adaptation in yeast. I. Changes in metabolic intermediates during a step-down anaerobic–aerobic transfer

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 846-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita M. Bruver ◽  
A. J. S. Ball ◽  
E. Reno Tustanoff
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Anaerobic Growth ◽  
Early Investigation ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Facultative Anaerobe ◽  
Metabolic Intermediates ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Clear Cut

Early investigation into the mechanism of mitochondriogenesis in the facultative anaerobe Saccharomyees cerevisiae used anaerobic–aerobic transitions as model systems to study the in vivo assembly of these oxidative organelles. This methodology has become entrenched in the early literature and as a result a definitive study has been undertaken utilizing this protocol (high hexose, complete medium under anaerobic growth transferred to low hexose, minimal medium with aerobic environment) to study the altered distribution of various metabolites during these transitions.Measurement of all the glycolytic, and some tricarboxylic acid intermediates during such a transition has elucidated the following points. On a qualitative basis, the metabolic controls prevalent in these growing cultures are similar to those identified in yeast under less physiological conditions. Also, the effect of anaerobic catabolism, which preconditions enzyme and pool levels in the yeast, is of paramount importance in determining the events subsequent to oxygen challenge.However, this experimental approach has severe limitations and does not lend itself to a clear-cut delineation of the events that occur during the process of mitochondriogenesis.

scholarly journals Dynamics of cell wall elasticity pattern shapes the cell during yeast mating morphogenesis

Open Biology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 160136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Goldenbogen ◽  
Wolfgang Giese ◽  
Marie Hemmen ◽  
Jannis Uhlendorf ◽  
Andreas Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall Elasticity ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Stiff Material ◽  
Mating Projection

The cell wall defines cell shape and maintains integrity of fungi and plants. When exposed to mating pheromone, Saccharomyces cerevisiae grows a mating projection and alters in morphology from spherical to shmoo form. Although structural and compositional alterations of the cell wall accompany shape transitions, their impact on cell wall elasticity is unknown. In a combined theoretical and experimental approach using finite-element modelling and atomic force microscopy (AFM), we investigated the influence of spatially and temporally varying material properties on mating morphogenesis. Time-resolved elasticity maps of shmooing yeast acquired with AFM in vivo revealed distinct patterns, with soft material at the emerging mating projection and stiff material at the tip. The observed cell wall softening in the protrusion region is necessary for the formation of the characteristic shmoo shape, and results in wider and longer mating projections. The approach is generally applicable to tip-growing fungi and plants cells.

scholarly journals Artificial MicroRNAs Highly Accessible to Targets Confer Efficient Virus Resistance in Plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (22) ◽  
pp. 11084-11095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Guo Duan ◽  
Chun-Han Wang ◽  
Rong-Xiang Fang ◽  
Hui-Shan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Target Recognition ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Secondary Structures ◽  
Local Structures ◽  
Site Access ◽  
Short Hairpin Rnas

ABSTRACT Short-hairpin RNAs based on microRNA (miRNA) precursors to express the artificial miRNAs (amiRNAs) can specifically induce gene silencing and confer virus resistance in plants. The efficacy of RNA silencing depends not only on the nature of amiRNAs but also on the local structures of the target mRNAs. However, the lack of tools to accurately and reliably predict secondary structures within long RNAs makes it very hard to predict the secondary structures of a viral genome RNA in the natural infection conditions in vivo. In this study, we used an experimental approach to dissect how the endogenous silencing machinery acts on the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) genome. Transiently expressed 3′UTR RNAs were degraded by site-specific cleavage. By comparing the natural cleavage hotspots within the 3′UTR of the CMV-infected wild-type Arabidopsis to those of the triple dcl2/3/4 mutant, we acquired true small RNA programmed RNA-induced silencing complex (siRISC)-mediated cleavage sites to design valid amiRNAs. We showed that the tRNA-like structure within the 3′UTR impeded target site access and restricted amiRNA-RISC-mediated cleavage of the target viral RNA. Moreover, target recognition in the less-structured area also influenced siRISC catalysis, thereby conferring different degrees of resistance to CMV infection. Transgenic plants expressing the designed amiRNAs that target the putative RISC accessible target sites conferred high resistance to the CMV challenge from both CMV subgroup strains. Our work suggests that the experimental approach is credible for studying the course of RISC target recognition to engineer effective gene silencing and virus resistance in plants by amiRNAs.

scholarly journals Assessment of Drug Delivery Kinetics to Epidermal Targets In Vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hoppel ◽  
M. A. M. Tabosa ◽  
A. L. Bunge ◽  
M. B. Delgado-Charro ◽  
R. H. Guy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Input Function ◽  
Drug Uptake ◽  
Tape Stripping ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Topical Product ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Dermal Pharmacokinetics

AbstractIt has proven challenging to quantify ‘drug input’ from a formulation to the viable skin because the epidermal and dermal targets of topically applied drugs are difficult, if not impossible, to access in vivo. Defining the drug input function to the viable skin with a straightforward and practical experimental approach would enable a key component of dermal pharmacokinetics to be characterised. It has been hypothesised that measuring drug uptake into and clearance from the stratum corneum (SC) by tape-stripping allows estimation of a topical drug’s input function into the viable tissue. This study aimed to test this idea by determining the input of nicotine and lidocaine into the viable skin, following the application of commercialised transdermal patches to healthy human volunteers. The known input rates of these delivery systems were used to validate and assess the results from the tape-stripping protocol. The drug input rates from in vivo tape-stripping agreed well with the claimed delivery rates of the patches. The experimental approach was then used to determine the input of lidocaine from a marketed cream, a typical topical product for which the amount of drug absorbed has not been well-characterised. A significantly higher delivery of lidocaine from the cream than from the patch was found. The different input rates between drugs and formulations in vivo were confirmed qualitatively and quantitatively in vitro in conventional diffusion cells using dermatomed abdominal pig skin.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of Cardiac Glycosides as senolytic compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Triana-Martínez ◽  
Pilar Picallos-Rabina ◽  
Sabela Da Silva-Álvarez ◽  
Federico Pietrocola ◽  
Susana Llanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Electrochemical Gradient ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Abstract Compounds with specific cytotoxic activity in senescent cells, or senolytics, support the causal involvement of senescence in aging and offer therapeutic interventions. Here we report the identification of Cardiac Glycosides (CGs) as a family of compounds with senolytic activity. CGs, by targeting the Na+/K+ATPase pump, cause a disbalanced electrochemical gradient within the cell causing depolarization and acidification. Senescent cells present a slightly depolarized plasma membrane and higher concentrations of H+, making them more susceptible to the action of CGs. These vulnerabilities can be exploited for therapeutic purposes as evidenced by the in vivo eradication of tumors xenografted in mice after treatment with the combination of a senogenic and a senolytic drug. The senolytic effect of CGs is also effective in the elimination of senescence-induced lung fibrosis. This experimental approach allows the identification of compounds with senolytic activity that could potentially be used to develop effective treatments against age-related diseases.

scholarly journals A unique in vivo experimental approach reveals metabolic adaptation of the probiotic Propionibacterium freudenreichii to the colon environment

BMC Genomics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taous Saraoui ◽  
Sandrine Parayre ◽  
Grégory Guernec ◽  
Valentin Loux ◽  
Jérôme Montfort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Propionibacterium Freudenreichii

EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF IN VIVO PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN BIOLOGIC JOINTS

2000 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Herzog ◽  
E. M. Hasler ◽  
T. R. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Force ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Joint Contact ◽  
Hindlimb Movement ◽  
Joint Contact Pressure ◽  
Contact Pressures

The purpose of this communication is to present an idea, and its technical implementation, on how to estimate experimentally in vivo joint contact pressure distributions. The idea is illustrated for the cat patellofemoral joint. For this particular joint, the approach requires muscle force and hindlimb movement measurements during unrestrained locomotion, and the quantification of the joint contact pressures in situ for conditions approximating the in vivo conditions as closely as possible. Although the approach is time-consuming and has its limitations, it is, as far as we know, the first purely experimental approach to determine the in vivo joint contact pressures during normal movement. "Purely experimental" refers to the idea that the required movements, muscle forces and contact pressures are all measured rather than estimated theoretically.

Biocompatibility of thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogels: an in vivo experimental approach to injectable biomaterials

Biomaterials ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 2717-2722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Molinaro ◽  
Jean-Christophe Leroux ◽  
Jacques Damas ◽  
Albert Adam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach
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