Low-power 300 Mbit∕s OEIC with large-area photodiode

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hein ◽  
M. Förtsch ◽  
H. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Large Area

Large Area Silicon Carbide Photodiode, and Monolithic Readout Design and Fabrication

2016 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 1023-1027
Author(s):  
Akin Akturk ◽  
Brendan Cusack ◽  
Neil Goldsman
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Dark Current ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Active Pixel Sensor ◽  
Active Pixel ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet ◽  
Ultraviolet Photons

We are in the process of designing and fabricating a very large area (> 4mm2) and extremely low dark current silicon carbide ultraviolet photodiode with a readout circuitry monolithically fabricated on the same die. This is a large area silicon carbide based active pixel sensor (APS), capable of measuring low power density deep ultraviolet photons as well as low energy particles. To this end, we have already fabricated several large area photodiodes with low dark current values and large ultraviolet responsivities. We here report the electrical and optical measured performance of various size photodiodes we have fabricated.

Transmissibility of 802.15.1 - Compliant Radio in Machining Enclosures in Industrial Environments

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Sowles ◽  
Derek Suen ◽  
David Loker ◽  
John T. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Multipath Propagation ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Received Signal Strength ◽  
Spectrum Analyzer ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Large Area

Wireless sensors used in plant floor environments have been studied for obstruction and multipath propagation effects on signal quality. The trend towards wireless industrial data networks motivates this study, which explores the use of IEEE 802.15.1 radios in a machine shop at varying levels of operation. Previous studies have investigated the use of a wireless sensor embedded in a rotating tool holder to monitor tool life. In order to obtain information furthering the potential use of low power radio in conjunction with machining enclosures, a Bluegiga WT12 Class 2 Bluetooth 2.1 module is placed within several CNC machining enclosures at varying table positions and heights. An exterior module receives the data from the enclosed unit, and the module’s position is also varied in 3 dimensional space. Bit Error Rate and Received Signal Strength are measured, and the effects of spatial obstruction and multipath propagation are analyzed. An Agilent 8563E spectrum analyzer equipped with an Aaronia HyperLOG 7060 EMC antenna is also used to repeat the measurements at all of the points in order to provide EMI channel characterization and a redundant source of signal power data for comparison. Large-area transmissibility testing indicates that received signal strength is not dependent upon equipment operation. The enclosure tests (perimeter, height, and proximity comparison) suggest that distance, both static and transient path obstructions, multipath propagation, and line-of-sight are factors that influence bit error rate and received signal strength. Spectrum analyzer measurements in our shop show no significant emissions in the 2.4 GHz range that cause interference. At no time during this study did the bit error rate reach 0.2% of the transmitted bits and there were no failures in transmitting text between modules. Overall, the findings indicate that reliable data transmission with low power off-the-shelf Bluetooth modules is feasible.

scholarly journals Multi-Camera Vehicle Tracking Using Edge Computing and Low-Power Communication

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Nikodem ◽  
Mariusz Słabicki ◽  
Tomasz Surmacz ◽  
Paweł Mrówka ◽  
Cezary Dołęga
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Vehicle Tracking ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Camera Tracking ◽  
Graphic Processing Units ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
Tracking Algorithms

Typical approaches to visual vehicle tracking across large area require several cameras and complex algorithms to detect, identify and track the vehicle route. Due to memory requirements, computational complexity and hardware constrains, the video images are transmitted to a dedicated workstation equipped with powerful graphic processing units. However, this requires large volumes of data to be transmitted and may raise privacy issues. This paper presents a dedicated deep learning detection and tracking algorithms that can be run directly on the camera’s embedded system. This method significantly reduces the stream of data from the cameras, reduces the required communication bandwidth and expands the range of communication technologies to use. Consequently, it allows to use short-range radio communication to transmit vehicle-related information directly between the cameras, and implement the multi-camera tracking directly in the cameras. The proposed solution includes detection and tracking algorithms, and a dedicated low-power short-range communication for multi-target multi-camera tracking systems that can be applied in parking and intersection scenarios. System components were evaluated in various scenarios including different environmental and weather conditions.

scholarly journals Low-Power, Large-Area and High-Performance CdSe Quantum Dots/Reduced Graphene Oxide Photodetectors

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 95855-95863
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsiang Shih ◽  
You-Ling Chen ◽  
Jui-Hsin Tan ◽  
Sheng Hsiung Chang ◽  
Wu-Yih Uen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cdse Quantum Dots ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Reduced Graphene

scholarly journals Ultra-Low Power and High-Throughput SRAM Design to Enhance AI Computing Ability in Autonomous Vehicles

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Youngbae Kim ◽  
Shreyash Patel ◽  
Heekyung Kim ◽  
Nandakishor Yadav ◽  
Kyuwon Ken Choi
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Ultra Low Power

Power consumption and data processing speed of integrated circuits (ICs) is an increasing concern in many emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications, such as autonomous vehicles and Internet of Things (IoT). Existing state-of-the-art SRAM architectures for AI computing are highly accurate and can provide high throughput. However, these SRAMs have problems that they consume high power and occupy a large area to accommodate complex AI models. A carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFET) device has been reported as a potential candidates for AI devices requiring ultra-low power and high-throughput due to their satisfactory carrier mobility and symmetrical, good subthreshold electrical performance. Based on the CNFET and FinFET device’s electrical performance, we propose novel ultra-low power and high-throughput 8T SRAMs to circumvent the power and the throughput issues in Artificial Intelligent (AI) computation for autonomous vehicles. We propose two types of novel 8T SRAMs, P-Latch N-Access (PLNA) 8T SRAM structure and single-ended (SE) 8T SRAM structure, and compare the performance with existing state-of-the-art 8T SRAM architectures in terms of power consumption and speed. In the SRAM circuits of the FinFET and CNFET, higher tube and fin numbers lead to higher operating speed. However, the large number of tubes and fins can lead to larger area and more power consumption. Therefore, we optimize the area by reducing the number of tubes and fins without compromising the memory circuit speed and power. Most importantly, the decoupled reading and writing of our new SRAMs cell offers better low-power operation due to the stacking of device in the reading part, as well as achieving better readability and writability, while offering read Static Noise Margin (SNM) free because of isolated reading path, writing path, and greater pull up ratio. In addition, the proposed 8T SRAMs show even better performance in delay and power when we combine them with the collaborated voltage sense amplifier and independent read component. The proposed PLNA 8T SRAM can save 96%, while the proposed SE 8T SRAM saves around 99% in writing power consumption compared with the existing state-of-the-art 8T SRAM in FinFET model, as well as 99% for writing operation in CNFET model.

scholarly journals Wireless Terrestrial Backhaul for 6G Remote Access: Challenges and Low Power Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Saarnisaari ◽  
Abdelaali Chaoub ◽  
Marjo Heikkilä ◽  
Amit Singhal ◽  
Vimal Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Small Radius ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Access Points ◽  
Wireless Backhaul ◽  
Rural And Remote Areas ◽  
Backhaul Link

Despite developments in communication systems over the last few decades, a digital divide exists in the unconnected part of the world. The latter is characterized by large distances to internet access points, underdeveloped infrastructure, sparse populations, and low incomes. This concern of digital divide is raised in the sixth generation’s (6G) initial vision as an extremely important topic. However, it is important to understand affiliated challenges and potential solutions to achieve this vision. Motivated by the recent backhaul link forecasts that expect a dominance of the microwave technology within the backhauling market, this paper studies the potential of a low-power terrestrial microwave backhaul from the sufficient-data-rate and solar powering perspective. Competing technologies (e.g., fiber) may not be energy efficient and commercially viable for global connectivity. Since rural and remote areas may not have grid power, we look at the viability of alternative sustainable sources, in particular solar power, to power the wireless backhaul in 6G. In addition, we also explore services for the operators and users to use the system efficiently. Since the access points are connected to backhaul, we also compare the two prominent solutions based on low-power small-radius cells and a mega-cell that covers a large area and show insights on the power autonomy of the systems. In the end, we propose directions for research and deployment for an inclusive connectivity as a part of future 6G networks.

Design of Low Leakage 9T SRAM Cell with -Low Power Devices

2021 ◽  
pp. 2250027
Author(s):  
Harekrishna Kumar ◽  
V.K Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Schmitt Trigger ◽  
Leakage Power ◽  
Access Time ◽  
Threshold Region ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Transmission Gate ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Sram Cell

In this paper, a 9T SRAM cell with low power (LP9T) and improved performance has been proposed. This cell is free from half-select issue and works with single-ended read and differential write operation in the sub-threshold region. To evaluate the relative performance, the obtained characteristics of LP9T SRAM cell are compared with other state-of-the-art designs at 45-nm technology node. The read and write power dissipation of LP9T SRAM cell is reduced by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as compared to Conv.6T SRAM cell. In proposed cell, leakage power is reduced by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as compared to conventional 6T (Conv.6T), low power (LP8T), transmission gate 8T(TG8T), transmission gate 9T (TG9T), Schmitt trigger 9T (ST9T), and positive feedback control 10T (PFC10T) SRAM cells. This reduction in leakage power is attributed to stacking effect. LP9T SRAM cell also exhibits significant improvement in read/write access time as compared to all considered cells. Also, the read and write energy of proposed cell is lowest among all considered cells. The LP9T SRAM cell has [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] higher read and write stability as compared to Conv.6T SRAM cell. Proposed SRAM cell has the highest value of ON to OFF current ratio ([Formula: see text]) which signifies the highest bit-cell density among all considered cells. The LP9T SRAM cell occupies [Formula: see text] large area as compared to Conv.6T SRAM cell. The overall quality of SRAM cell is calculated through the electrical quality metric (EQM). It is observed that LP9T SRAM cell has the highest value of EQM in comparison to considered cells at 0.3[Formula: see text]V supply voltage.

Large-area, scalable fabrication of conical TiN/GST/TiN nanoarray for low-power phase change memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1347-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Moon Yoon ◽  
Hu Young Jeong ◽  
Sung Hoon Hong ◽  
You Yin ◽  
Hyoung Seok Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Memory ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Change Memory
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