GaN/AlGaN HEMTs operating at 20 GHz with continuous-wave power density > 6 W/mm

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Moon ◽  
M. Micovic ◽  
P. Janke ◽  
P. Hashimoto ◽  
W.-S. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Wave Power Density

scholarly journals Postnatal Functional Analysis of Prenatal Exposure of Rats to 915 MHz Microwave Radiation

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald P. Jensh ◽  
Wolfgang H. Vogel ◽  
Robert L. Brent
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Conditioned Avoidance ◽  
Physiological Parameter ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Wave Power Density

Thirty pregnant Wistar strain albino rats were used to determine the effects of chronic prenatal exposure to 915 MHz microwave radiation at a continuous wave power density level of 10 mW/cm2 on postnatal growth and neurobehavioral development. Eleven rats were irradiated in a fully characterized anechoic chamber from days 1 to 21 of gestation. Mean total exposure time was 6544 min. Nineteen rats were used as control animals. All animals delivered and raised their offspring (F1a) until weaning at 30 days of age Ten days later females were rebred and a standard teratologic evaluation was completed on the resultant F1b fetuses. Maternal brain, liver, kidneys, and ovaries were removed, weighed, examined, and fixed in formalin. The F1a (irradiated) neonates were given four perinatal reflex tests (surface righting, air righting, auditory startle, visual placing). One physiological parameter, eye opening, was also observed. Weekly weights were recorded throughout the study period. At 60 days of age the offspring were randomly given 3 of 6 tests (conditioned avoidance response, water T-maze, open field, activity wheel, forelimb hanging, swimming). At 90 days of age reproductive capability was evaluated and a standard teratologic analysis performed on the resultant F2 offspring. The brain, liver, kidneys, and gonads of all F1a offspring were removed, weighed, examined, and fixed in formalin. No significant morphologic or neurobehavioral alterations were observed due to chronic prenatal exposure to 915 MHz microwave radiation at a continuous wave power density level of 10 mW/cm2.

Millimeter wave power density in aqueous biological samples

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Alekseev ◽  
M.C. Ziskin
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Wave Power Density

scholarly journals Multiple-Embedded-System Optimization Layout for Electromagnetic Wave Power Density in Complex Environments

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4758
Author(s):  
Yang-Hsin Fan
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Wave Power Density

Many embedded systems are implemented for healthcare, and smart homes and spaces. These devices are generally designed for elderly care, for monitoring, surveillance, and collection information. As embedded systems are ubiquitous and pervasive in a smart home, office, or space, different layout affects not only reduce the implementation cost but also the power density of electromagnetic waves. This study aimed to develop a multiple-embedded-system optimization layout to consume less electromagnetic wave power density and gain better communication strength. For smart offices, we analyzed the layout topology of n-shaped and n-shaped with door layout categories. On the basis of the location of each embedded system in a communication center via an n-shaped layout, we investigated the electromagnetic wave effect to the local, direct, and semidirect effects. Indirect and subindirect effects were also studied in the n-shaped layout with a door. In addition, we derived a set of formulas from the scope for the diverse effects to help users to quickly identify the scope of each effect. To verify the multiple-embedded-system optimization layout, 16 cooperating embedded systems with four test cases in a smart office were used to evaluate the diverse effects of electromagnetic wave power density and communication strength. Experiment results showed that the optimization layout consumed 3950 × 10−6 W/m2 electromagnetic wave power density.

scholarly journals Wave Energy Potential for Development of Renewable Energy in Riau Archipelago Province

Omni-Akuatika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Risandi Dwirama Putra ◽  
Ibnu Kahfi Bachtiar ◽  
Tri Nur Cahyo ◽  
Mario Putra Suhana ◽  
Oksto Ridho Sianturi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Potential Wave ◽  
Wave Power Density

Energy and electricity demand in Riau Islands is increasing rapidly due to the fast-growing population, urbanization, industrial development, and economic growth. The limitations of energy and electricity in the Riau Islands caused frequent blackouts. To support the high demand for energy and electricity in the Riau Islands, renewable energy is the most suitable alternative energy solution. Renewable energy is not only playing a key role in providing energy but also providing long-term clean and sustainable energy. We investigated the wave energy potential in the Riau Islands Sea in four different consecutive monsoons (North monsoon, East monsoon, South Monsoon and West Monsoon) using ECMWF data during January 2018 to December 2018 with 0.125o x 0.125o and 6 hourly spatial and temporal resolutions. We extracted bathymetry data from NOAA’s database ETOPO1 and forecasting wave characteristics use the SPM (Shore Protection Manual) method. The potential wave energy simulation from significant wave height (Hs) and energy period (Te) was shown in spatial distribution based on different monsoon. Our studies found that the potential wave energy was higher in north monsoon with maximum spatial of wave power density 3.240 – 3.640 kW.m-1. The east monsoon tended to be lower potential wave energy with dominance of wave power density at 0 – 0.127 kW.m-1. Keywords: wave power density, potential wave energy, ECWFM, monsoon

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Visual vs. Acoustic Closed-Loop Stimulation on EEG Power Density during NREM Sleep in Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-181
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Danilenko ◽  
Evgenii Kobelev ◽  
Sergei V. Yarosh ◽  
Grigorii R. Khazankin ◽  
Ivan V. Brack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Acoustic Stimuli ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Wave Power Density

The aim of the study was to investigate whether visual stimuli have the same potency to increase electroencephalography (EEG) delta wave power density during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep as do auditory stimuli that may be practical in the treatment of some sleep disturbances. Nine healthy subjects underwent two polysomnography sessions—adaptation and experimental—with EEG electrodes positioned at Fz–Cz. Individually adjusted auditory (pink noise) and visual (light-emitting diode (LED) red light) paired 50-ms signals were automatically presented via headphones/eye mask during NREM sleep, shortly (0.75–0.90 s) after the EEG wave descended below a preset amplitude threshold (closed-loop in-phase stimulation). The alternately repeated 30-s epochs with stimuli of a given modality (light, sound, or light and sound simultaneously) were preceded and followed by 30-s epochs without stimulation. The number of artifact-free 1.5-min cycles taken in the analysis was such that the cycles with stimuli of different modalities were matched by number of stimuli presented. Acoustic stimuli caused an increase (p < 0.01) of EEG power density in the frequency band 0.5–3.0 Hz (slow waves); the values reverted to baseline at post-stimuli epochs. Light stimuli did not influence EEG slow wave power density (p > 0.01) and did not add to the acoustic stimuli effects. Thus, dim red light presented in a closed-loop in-phase fashion did not influence EEG power density during nocturnal sleep.

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