40 Gbit/s straight-line RZ data transmission over 240 km of standard fibre

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G. Edirisinghe ◽  
X. Shan ◽  
A.S. Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Straight Line

Straight-line soliton data transmission at 20 Gbit/s beyond Gordon-Haus limit

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (16) ◽  
pp. 1331-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nakazawa ◽  
K. Suzuki ◽  
Y. Kimura ◽  
H. Kubota ◽  
E. Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Line Soliton

scholarly journals Optical beams with an infinite number of vortices

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-496
Author(s):  
V.V. Kotlyar
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Topological Charge ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Optical Vortices ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Phase Singularities ◽  
Light Beams

In optical data transmission with using vortex laser beams, data can be encoded by the topo-logical charge, which is theoretically unlimited. However, the topological charge of a single sepa-rate vortex is limited by possibilities of its generating. Therefore, in this work, we analyze light beams with an unbounded (countable) set of optical vortices. The summary topological charge of such beams is infinite. Phase singularities (isolated intensity nulls) in such beams typically have a unit topological charge and reside equidistantly (or not equidistantly) on a straight line in the beam cross section. Such beams are form-invariant and, on propagation in space, change only in scale and rotate. Orbital angular momentum of such multivortex beams is finite, since only a finite number of optical vortices fall into the area, where the Gaussian beam has a notable intensity. Other phase singularities are located in the periphery (and at the infinity), where the intensity is almost zero.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI FORMULA HAVERSINE DAN KOMUNIKASI DATA REAL-TIME MENGGUNAKAN WEBSOCKET DI SISTEM PENGAWASAN WARGA NEGARA ASING

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Alam Rahmatulloh
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Real Time Data

<p><em>Foreign Citizens (FC) after entering Indonesian territory according to applicable legal procedures, the presence of foreigners can be anywhere. Problems also arise when parties involved in supervising foreigners cannot contact foreigners who experience immigration problems and do not know the location of the presence of current foreigners or where they were. One solution to this problem is implementing real time data communication to monitor the location of foreigners, so that foreigners can always be monitored. Before going to the residence, a consideration is needed to determine which residence of the foreigner to be visited. Knowing the distance of a foreigner's residence can be an added point in these considerations. The Haversine method is implemented by calculating the distance between parties involved in the supervision of foreigners with each address of the foreigner's residence. The comparison test results of the Haversine method with Google Maps in this study, which has an average difference of 0.039 km in terms of distance based on a straight line. Real time data communication technology using websocket is implemented into a WNA surveillance system, consisting of web-based applications and android-based applications that are interconnected into websocket networks. The average results of profiling the speed of writing data for 15 minutes from the smartphone to the real time firebase database which is 1.4 milliseconds with 10 seconds of data transmission interval from the smartphone and the results of the average speed of receiving data from firebase realtime database to the WNA monitoring system ie 0 , 36 seconds with the data receiving interval from firebase realtime database 10 seconds.</em></p><p><em><strong>Keywords</strong></em><em>: Firebase Realtime Database, Foreign Citizens</em><em>,</em><em> Haversine, Websocket</em></p><p><em>Warga Negara Asing (WNA) setelah memasuki wilayah Indonesia sesuai prosedur hukum yang berlaku, maka keberadaan WNA dapat berada dimana saja. Masalah pun timbul ketika pihak yang terlibat dalam pengawasan WNA tidak dapat menghubungi WNA yang mengalami masalah keimigrasian dan tidak mengetahui lokasi keberadaan WNA saat ini ataupun lokasi keberadaan sebelumnya. Salah satu solusi dari permasalahan tersebut yaitu mengimplementasikan komunikasi data real time untuk mengawasi lokasi keberadaan WNA, sehingga pergerakan WNA dapat selalu terawasi. Sebelum mendatangi tempat tinggal tersebut, dibutuhkan sebuah pertimbangan untuk menentukan tempat tinggal WNA mana dulu yang akan didatangi. Mengetahui jarak tempat tinggal WNA dapat menjadi poin tambah dalam pertimbangan tersebut. Metode haversine diimplementasikan dengan cara menghitung jarak antara pihak yang terlibat dalam pengawasan WNA dengan setiap alamat tempat tinggal WNA. Hasil pengujian perbandingan metode haversine dengan google maps pada penelitian ini yaitu mempunyai rata-rata selisih sebesar 0,039 km dalam hal jarak berdasarkan garis lurus. Teknologi komunikasi data real time menggunakan websocket diimplementasikan kedalam sebuah sistem pengawasan WNA, terdiri dari aplikasi berbasis web dan aplikasi berbasis android yang saling terhubung kedalam jaringan websocket. Hasil rata-rata profiling kecepatan proses tulis data selama 15 menit dari smartphone ke firebase realtime database yaitu 1,4 milidetik dengan interval pengiriman data dari smartphone 10 detik sekali dan hasil rata-rata kecepatan penerimaan data dari firebase realtime database ke sistem pengawasan WNA yaitu 0,36 detik dengan interval penerimaan data dari firebase realtime database 10 detik sekali.</em></p><em><strong>Kata kunci</strong></em><em>: Firebase Realtime Database, Haversine, Pengawasan WNA,</em><em> </em><em>Websocket</em>

Microdensitometer—computer correlation analysis of ultrastructural periodicity

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
D.R. Ensor ◽  
C.G. Jensen ◽  
J.A. Fillery ◽  
R.J.K. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Screw Thread ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Computer Storage ◽  
Correlation Process ◽  
Electron Microscope Image ◽  
Fixed Beam

Because periodicity is a major indicator of structural organisation numerous methods have been devised to demonstrate periodicity masked by background “noise” in the electron microscope image (e.g. photographic image reinforcement, Markham et al, 1964; optical diffraction techniques, Horne, 1977; McIntosh,1974). Computer correlation analysis of a densitometer tracing provides another means of minimising "noise". The correlation process uncovers periodic information by cancelling random elements. The technique is easily executed, the results are readily interpreted and the computer removes tedium, lends accuracy and assists in impartiality.A scanning densitometer was adapted to allow computer control of the scan and to give direct computer storage of the data. A photographic transparency of the image to be scanned is mounted on a stage coupled directly to an accurate screw thread driven by a stepping motor. The stage is moved so that the fixed beam of the densitometer (which is directed normal to the transparency) traces a straight line along the structure of interest in the image.

Freeze fracture imaging and computer simulation of liposome structure: Membrane geometry and defects

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 646-647
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Zasadzinski
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Continuum Theory ◽  
Closed Surfaces ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Concentric Spheres ◽  
Membrane Geometry ◽  
Dupin Cyclides ◽  
Limiting Case

At low weight fractions, many surfactant and biological amphiphiles form dispersions of lamellar liquid crystalline liposomes in water. Amphiphile molecules tend to align themselves in parallel bilayers which are free to bend. Bilayers must form closed surfaces to separate hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains completely. Continuum theory of liquid crystals requires that the constant spacing of bilayer surfaces be maintained except at singularities of no more than line extent. Maxwell demonstrated that only two types of closed surfaces can satisfy this constraint: concentric spheres and Dupin cyclides. Dupin cyclides (Figure 1) are parallel closed surfaces which have a conjugate ellipse (r1) and hyperbola (r2) as singularities in the bilayer spacing. Any straight line drawn from a point on the ellipse to a point on the hyperbola is normal to every surface it intersects (broken lines in Figure 1). A simple example, and limiting case, is a family of concentric tori (Figure 1b).To distinguish between the allowable arrangements, freeze fracture TEM micrographs of representative biological (L-α phosphotidylcholine: L-α PC) and surfactant (sodium heptylnonyl benzenesulfonate: SHBS)liposomes are compared to mathematically derived sections of Dupin cyclides and concentric spheres.

Human Enamel Replication

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
Norman L. Dockum ◽  
John G. Dockum
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics

Ultrastructural characteristics of fractured human enamel and acid-etched enamel were compared using acetate replicas shadowed with platinum and palladium. Shadowed replications of acid-etched surfaces were also obtained by the same method.Enamel from human teeth has a rod structure within which there are crystals of hydroxyapatite contained within a structureless organic matrix composed of keratin. The rods which run at right angles from the dentino-enamel junction are considered to run in a straight line perpendicular to the perimeter of the enamel, however, in many areas these enamel rods overlap, interlacing and intertwining with one another.

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