Chemical change from diffused hydrogen gas to hydroxyl ion in silica glass optical fibres

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Itoh ◽  
Y. Ohmori ◽  
M. Nakahara
1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1221-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Hooley

A method is presented for preparing a reproducible silica glass or quartz surface that does not craze during rate of solution measurements in solutions of the five group I hydroxides. For silica glass, initial rates are a maximum at 8 M for at least NaOH and KOH and are an inverse function of ion size for the five cations and tetramethyl ammonium ion. A proposed mechanism of water addition followed by reaction with hydroxyl ion is used to explain the maximum rate and the effect of solution products and the substitution of methanol for water as a solvent. For quartz an explanation is offered for the lower rate and for the absence of a maximum rate below 27 M NaOH. A common temperature coefficient of 20 kcal mole−1 is reported for all reactions in water. The crazing of finely ground or polished silica glass surfaces is related to the presence of surface cracks and their enlargement by possible conversion of some silica to quartz in NaOH solution.


2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Kiang ◽  
K. Frampton ◽  
T.M. Monro ◽  
R. Moore ◽  
J. Tucknott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2013 ◽  
Vol 558 ◽  
pp. 522-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Kostecki ◽  
Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem ◽  
Stephen C. Warren-Smith ◽  
Grant McAdam ◽  
Claire Davis ◽  
...  

This paper summarises recent work conducted on the development of exposed core microstructured optical fibres for distributed corrosion sensing. Most recently, exposed-core fibres have been fabricated in silica glass, which is known to be reliable under a range of processing and service environments. We characterise the stability of these new silica fibres when exposed to some typical sensing and storage environments. We show the background loss to be the best achieved to date for exposed-core fibres, while the transmission properties are up to ~2 orders of magnitude better than for the previously reported exposed-core fibres produced in soft glass. This provides a more robust fibre platform for corrosion sensing conditions and opens up new opportunities for distributed optical fibre sensors requiring long-term application in harsh environments.


1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 265-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Blaauw ◽  
I. Fejes ◽  
C. R. Tolbert ◽  
A. N. M. Hulsbosch ◽  
E. Raimond

Earlier investigations have shown that there is a preponderance of negative velocities in the hydrogen gas at high latitudes, and that in certain areas very little low-velocity gas occurs. In the region 100° <l< 250°, + 40° <b< + 85°, there appears to be a disturbance, with velocities between - 30 and - 80 km/sec. This ‘streaming’ involves about 3000 (r/100)2solar masses (rin pc). In the same region there is a low surface density at low velocities (|V| < 30 km/sec). About 40% of the gas in the disturbance is in the form of separate concentrations superimposed on a relatively smooth background. The number of these concentrations as a function of velocity remains constant from - 30 to - 60 km/sec but drops rapidly at higher negative velocities. The velocity dispersion in the concentrations varies little about 6·2 km/sec. Concentrations at positive velocities are much less abundant.


Nature ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Ball
Keyword(s):  

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