scholarly journals 40 Gbps 4‐level pulse amplitude modulation closed‐loop decision‐feedback equaliser with high‐speed comparator in 55 nm CMOS technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 741-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai He ◽  
Weixin Gai ◽  
Liangxiao Tang
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Decision Feedback ◽  
Pulse Amplitude Modulation

scholarly journals 100 Gbaud On–Off Keying/Pulse Amplitude Modulation Links in C-Band for Short-Reach Optical Interconnects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4284
Author(s):  
Oskars Ozolins ◽  
Xiaodan Pang ◽  
Aleksejs Udalcovs ◽  
Richard Schatz ◽  
Sandis Spolitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Optical Interconnects ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Decision Feedback ◽  
Pulse Amplitude Modulation

We experimentally evaluate the high-speed on–off keying (OOK) and four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) transmitter’s performance in C-band for short-reach optical interconnects. We demonstrate up to 100 Gbaud OOK and PAM4 transmission over a 400 m standard single-mode fiber with a monolithically integrated externally modulated laser (EML) having 100 GHz 3 dB bandwidth with 2 dB ripple. We evaluate its capabilities to enable 800 GbE client-side links based on eight, and even four, optical lanes for optical interconnect applications. We study the equalizer’s complexity when increasing the baud rate of PAM4 signals. Furthermore, we extend our work with numerical simulations showing the required received optical power (ROP) for a certain bit error rate (BER) for the different combinations of the effective number of bits (ENOB) and extinction ratio (ER) at the transmitter. We also show a possibility to achieve around 1 km dispersion uncompensated transmission with a simple decision feedback equalizer (DFE) for a 100 Gbaud OOK, PAM4, and eight-level PAM (PAM8) link having the received power penalty of around 1 dB.

scholarly journals Inverted p-down Design for High-Speed Photodetectors

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Masahiro Nada ◽  
Fumito Nakajima ◽  
Toshihide Yoshimatsu ◽  
Yasuhiko Nakanishi ◽  
Atsushi Kanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Optical Communications ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Avalanche Photodiode ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Pulse Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Optical Coupling ◽  
Pin Photodiodes

We discuss the structural consideration of high-speed photodetectors used for optical communications, focusing on vertical illumination photodetectors suitable for device fabrication and optical coupling. We fabricate an avalanche photodiode that can handle 100-Gbit/s four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (50 Gbaud) signals, and pin photodiodes for 100-Gbaud operation; both are fabricated with our unique inverted p-side down (p-down) design.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF ETHERNET TRANSMISSION USING M-ARY PULSE AMPLITUDE MODULATION TECHNIQUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-85
Author(s):  
APENA WALIU OLALEKAN ◽  
OLASUNKANMI OMOWUMI GRACE ◽  
SALAKO ANUOLUWAPO
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Pulse Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Area Network

Low installation costs and high data rates reaching up to 10 Gbps, characterized Ethernet as the local area network (LAN) technology of choice to satisfy the increasing need for high-speed data transmission in packet-based networks. As demand for high speeds in data has increased, copper Ethernet has been integrated to handle these higher speeds. The IEEE 802.3ae* 2002 (10 Gigabit Ethernet) standard is based on data transmission over optical fibre only and in full-duplex mode. This study considered performance evaluation of Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) and multilevel (PAM-16) technology in comparison with other PAM versions was carried out to investigate copper Ethernet with respect to higher speed characteristic and error performance. The evaluation was carried out in MATLAB R2017b simulation environment; this provides calculated bit error rates (BER) of the considered modulation schemes under different channel conditions. The results show that PAM-16 has a BER of .which is significantly lower than that of PAM-2 and PAM-4. Additionally, Hamming code were used to detect and correct errors that are inherent in the design and the efficiency of each level of PAM used was analyzed.

scholarly journals Differential pulse-amplitude modulation signalling for free-space optical communications

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taghi Dabiri ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Sajad Sadough ◽  
Mohammad Ali Khalighi
Keyword(s):  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Optical Communications ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Pulse Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Free Space Optical
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