Time and control in joint human-machine systems

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hollnagel
Keyword(s):  
Machine Systems ◽  
And Control

Saint Simulation of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle/Drone Control Facility

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Wortman ◽  
Steven D. Duket ◽  
Deborah J. Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Discrete Elements ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Time Simulation ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Facility ◽  
Drone Control

SAINT is a modeling and simulation technique that provides the concepts necessary to model systems that contain tasks (discrete elements), state variables (continuous elements), and interactions between them. SAINT has been designed to facilitate the modeling and analysis of complex man-machine systems. This paper describes a SAINT network model of a real-time simulation of a drone control facility (DCF) in which operators monitor and control the flight of simulated remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs) through the use of visual (CRT) displays.

Monitoring Behavior and Process Control

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-228
Author(s):  
C.M.M. Hurts
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Control Panel ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Presentation Modes ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Monitoring Behavior

As part of a research project concerned with the function of the human operator in semi-automated man-machine systems, the monitoring behavior of the operator carrying out a process control task was investigated. More specifically, a study was made of the way this monitoring behavior changes as a result of using new instrument types or different presentation modes on the control panel. In the present experiment, two display variables were used, the first one being continuous or intermittent presentation of the controlled variables. The second display variable was controlling with or without a predictor instrument. Other independent variables were type of control task and first or second half of the control task. Results show that subjects monitored the controlled variables with longer eye fixations if the predictor instrument was not available. Also, the controlled variables were monitored more frequently in the second half of the control task. However, both effects interacted significantly with type of task. These results are interpreted and discussed in relation to control performance and control task difficulty.

scholarly journals The Cybernetic Return in Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 894-898
Author(s):  
Patrick Waterson ◽  
Chris Baber ◽  
David Golightly ◽  
Peter Hancock ◽  
Thierry Morineau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Work Systems ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
And Control

The last few years have seen resurgence in interest within human factors/ergonomics (HFE) in cybernetics. HFE has a long association with cybernetics (e.g., the influence of signal detection and control theory on studies of vigilance, visual search and human-machine systems). The panel will discuss more recent applications of cybernetics and focus on the ‘messy complexity’ and dynamic properties of 21st Century systems and a variety of issues associated with the ‘cybernetic return’ in HFE, which include: the use of communication theory to probe deeper into how specific state of minds are formed, in this case deception and recent examples of ‘fake news’ (Hancock); the integration of artificial intelligence and systems and cognitive agents (Karwowski); the control of degrees of freedom in loosely coupled work systems (e.g., emergency care – Morineau); and team dynamics, performance and coordination in complex sociotechnical systems (Guastello, Wiltshire). The panel concludes with some reflections on the past, present and future of cybernetics within HFE (Drury).

Continuous Miner Noise

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-292
Author(s):  
J. Robertson ◽  
J. Kovac ◽  
R. Bartholomae
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Continuous Miner ◽  
Coal Cutting ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Noise Measurements ◽  
Band Spectra ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
And Control

Noise generated by continuous miners in underground coal production is an important health hazard. Bureau of Mines contract J0387229 charters investigation and control of this noise through laboratory tests of simulated cutting operations and through in-mine noise measurements. The results of these investigations indicate that coal cutting noise and conveyor noise are dominant sources of miner operational noise. Typical noise levels for both cutting and conveying operations are approximately 97 dBA. For full operation of all machine systems, the overall sound pressure level is approximately 101 dBA. In-mine and laboratory test results show excellent agreement in both A-weighted overall levels as well as A-weighted one-third octave band spectra.

Human Cognition in Man-Machine Systems

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1004-1004
Author(s):  
Chris R. Hale
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Quantitative Modeling ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

The study of the relationship between man and machine has recently witnessed a shift in emphasis from the study of man as a manual controller to the more cognitive aspects of man as a supervisor/monitor. This shift has brought about the need for a rigorous examination of the processes involved in problem solving, decision making, skill acquisition and the control of attention; for each of these cognitive components has profound influence in such diverse areas as command and control, maintenance, crew station design considerations, training, and workload. In order to profit from an examination of these areas, two goals must be accomplished. The first is an understanding of the fundamental processes that are responsible for the behavior of interest. This understanding must exist on both a theoretical and empirical level for genuine insight to be gained. The second accomplishment is that methods must be developed that allow quantitative modeling of these processes. Only in this way can theoretical knowledge of these processes be applied profitably to the man-machine environment.

Control of Metal Alloy Oxidation with Electric Fields

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
R. R. Dils ◽  
P. S. Follansbee
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Oxide Surface ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Iron Base Alloy ◽  
Alloy Oxidation ◽  
Aluminum Oxide Layer ◽  
And Control

Electric fields have been applied across oxides growing on a high temperature alloy and control of the oxidation of the material has been demonstrated. At present, three-fold increases in the oxidation rate have been measured in accelerating fields and the oxidation process has been completely stopped in a retarding field.The experiments have been conducted with an iron-base alloy, Pe 25Cr 5A1 0.1Y, although, in principle, any alloy capable of forming an adherent aluminum oxide layer during oxidation can be used. A specimen is polished and oxidized to produce a thin, uniform insulating layer on one surface. Three platinum electrodes are sputtered on the oxide surface and the specimen is reoxidized.

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