Position location for access policing of satellite systems for mobile communications

The European Electronic Toll Service (EETS) was created in 2004 with the aim of ensuring interoperability among the existing electronic toll collection (ETC) systems in Europe. However, the lack of cooperation between groups of stakeholders has not made possible to achieve this goal ten years later. The purpose of this research is to determine the better way to achieve interoperability among the different ETC systems in Europe. Our study develops a review of the six main ETC systems available worldwide: Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR), Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Satellite systems (GNSS), Tachograph, and Mobile communications tolling systems. The research also provides some insight on different emerging technologies. By focusing on different operational and strategic aspects offered by each technology, we identify their main strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and makes different recommendations to improve the current framework. The research concludes that given the diversity of advantages and inconveniences offered by each system, the selection of a certain ETC technology should also take into account its potential to overcome the weaknesses in the current ETC framework. In this line, different policy recommendations are proposed to improve the present ETC strategy at the EU.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3186

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Satellite-Based Mobile Multiservices Platform

Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Second Edition ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-026-4.ch533 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 3356-3363 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexander Markhasin

Keyword(s):

Mobile Communications ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dynamic Control ◽

Mac Protocols ◽

Fourth Generation ◽

Medium Access ◽

Satellite Systems ◽

Geographically Dispersed ◽

The Future

The future fourth generation (4G) of the satellite-based wireless and mobile communications is particularly important for global providing of the mobile broadband global information technologies (IT) multi-services and mobile e-applications (m-applications) for geographically dispersed mass users in support of anytime, anywhere, and any required quality of service (QoS) capabilities in a low-cost way. The recent broadband satellite systems described in Ivancic et al. (1999), Evans et al. (2005), Skinnemoen, Vermesan, Iuoras, Adams, and Lobao (2005) are based mainly on centralized low-meshed architecture with very high traffic concentration. Such structure is not adequate in context of the traffic topology for rural, remote, and difficult for access (RRD) regions. Markhasin (2001) noted that the cost of centralized systems is unacceptably large for deployment of future mass broadband communications in RRD regions (North Siberia, Scandinavia, Greenland, Canada, Alaska, Central and South East Asia, South America, Australia, etc.). As it was shown in Markhasin (2001, 2004), the future low-cost IT multi-service platforms for RRD regions can be built optimal on a mix of the terrestrial and satellite-based mobile and wireless communications with radically distributed (neural-like) all-IP/ATM architecture that requires breakthrough steps for search advanced satellite, mobile, and wireless 4G technologies. Markhasin (1996) and Frigon, Chan, and Leung (2001) noted that the improvement of medium access control (MAC) protocols has a dominant effect on ensuring the breakthrough features of future QoS-aware mobile and wireless technologies. The survey and analytical comparison of the fundamental principles of QoS-oriented MAC protocols were described in Markhasin, Olariu, and Todorova (2004, 2005). The radically novel multi-functional MAC technology (MFMAC) for long-delay space mediums with fully distributed dynamic control of QoS, traffic parameters, and bandwidth resources was proposed in Markhasin (2001, 2004). This article will be focused on future QoS-aware, satellite-based, fully distributed, mesh, and scalable mobile IT multi-service and m-Applications platform’s networking technology 4G for RRD regions.

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