Variants of game of life on microgrids: density demand management

This paper describes the introduction of water demand management in the southern African context. Originally a response to drought conditions, water demand management is now a key element in Rand Water's strategy of water cycle management - a mix of interventions that (holistically and continuously) keep the water industry viable and sustainable. This experience points to awareness and community education programmes being an essential companion to the technical interventions such as leakage reduction measures.

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Pressure management in Waitakere City, New Zealand - a case study

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2003.0096 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 3 (1-2) ◽

pp. 135-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Z. Pilipovic ◽

R. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Water Loss ◽

Water Cycle ◽

Demand Management ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Design Tool ◽

Network Computer ◽

Water Pipeline ◽

The City

In 1996, as part of Waitakere Council’s Water Cycle Strategy, a pressure standardisation programme to permanently lower the average supply pressure citywide was implemented with the aim of reducing water loss and water use. The experience gained during the 1994/95 Auckland water shortage had confirmed that there was considerable scope to reduce pressures in many areas. Since 1996 water pressures have been reduced in over 60% of the reticulated area of the city, with the average pressure reduced from 710 kPa to 540 kPa. As a result of this programme water loss from the network has been reduced, there has been a reduction in the frequency of mains breaks and it is likely that the life of water pipeline assets has been extended. Furthermore both pressure and demand management initiatives have reduced per capita water use in the city by more than 10%. A network computer model was used as a design tool to check the network under various pressure regimes and cost benefit analyses were carried out for various design scenarios. Fire sprinkler systems were checked as part of the design process. Minimum service standards were not reduced and in some cases pressures were actually increased. This paper covers the various aspects of the design, the implementation and the results of the pressure standardisation programme.

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Social interaction in water demand management implementation

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2005.0112 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 5 (3-4) ◽

pp. 295-301

Author(s):

J.S. Buckle

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Water Use ◽

Water Demand ◽

Water Cycle ◽

Demand Management ◽

Community Members ◽

Water Demand Management ◽

Education Project ◽

Broad Concept ◽

Efficient Water Use

This article describes a successful awareness and education project undertaken in an East Rand township by the Water Cycle Management Section of Rand Water. The Project's focus was to create awareness in the community of the broad concept of water cycle management within an environment and to transfer skills to community members (facilitators) who could then assist in ensuring effective and efficient water use.

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Elicitation of expert knowledge to develop decision support tools for use in water demand management planning

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2007.110 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (5-6) ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

D. Inman ◽

D. Simidchiev ◽

P. Jeffrey

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Water Demand ◽

Expert Knowledge ◽

Demand Management ◽

Decision Processes ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Influence Diagrams ◽

Decision Support Tools ◽

Water Demand Management ◽

Support Tools

This paper examines the use of influence diagrams (IDs) in water demand management (WDM) strategy planning with the specific objective of exploring how IDs can be used in developing computer-based decision support tools (DSTs) to complement and support existing WDM decision processes. We report the results of an expert consultation carried out in collaboration with water industry specialists in Sofia, Bulgaria. The elicited information is presented as influence diagrams and the discussion looks at their usefulness in WDM strategy design and the specification of suitable modelling techniques. The paper concludes that IDs themselves are useful in developing model structures for use in evidence-based reasoning models such as Bayesian Networks, and this is in keeping with the objectives set out in the introduction of integrating DSTs into existing decision processes. The paper will be of interest to modellers, decision-makers and scientists involved in designing tools to support resource conservation strategy implementation.

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