Assessment of risk from human performance on the flight deck - driving sound design decisions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fucke ◽  
R.J. Mumaw ◽  
R.J. Kennedy ◽  
R.K. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Sound Design ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Flight Deck

Workload Thresholds for Human Performance Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 781-785
Author(s):  
Dick Steinberg ◽  
Dan Donohoo ◽  
Laura Strater ◽  
Alice Diggs
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Service Workers ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Maximum Time ◽  
Operator Tasks ◽  
Food Service Workers ◽  
The Times

Human performance modeling (HPM) can be an effective tool to use for determining crew designs. Crew design includes determining the number of operators needed, the role of automation, and member task responsibilities required to operate a system. Without effective measures of performance and thresholds for assessing success, design decisions from HPM will be erroneous. Operator tasks can be assigned and allocated to crew members in a simulation to estimate the workload for each operator during a period of performance. The methods for determining when an operator exceeds workload thresholds create challenges for those using HPM for crew design. Some types of analysis have more clearly defined thresholds. For example, if a military operator has too many tasks to complete to effectively initiate countermeasures between the times they receive a warning until the time the threat arrives, they are overloaded and cannot complete their mission. However, many missions do not have such a severe penalty for not completing the tasks within a given time. For example, pharmacists, satellite managers, traffic managers, food service workers do not have such stringent task timing completion thresholds. For example, the penalty for a food service provider to be overloaded is typically extended wait times rather than risk of a loss of life. For these types of operational situations, determining overload is much more challenging. This paper describes a new workload thresholds for operator workflow models. It incorporates the vigilance effort, the maximum time a crew member will be fully loaded, and determining the maximum time worked without a break.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF IMPORTANT COGNITIVE CONCEPTS IN AVIATION

Aviation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. G. MARTINS
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Cockpit Design ◽  
Flight Deck

Even considering the current low accident rate in aviation, the anticipated growth in the number of airplanes in the air in the next decades will lead to an inadmissible rise in the number of accidents. These have been mostly attributed to human error and a misunderstanding of automation by the crew, especially during periods of high workload and stress in the cockpit. Therefore, increased safety requires not only advances in technology, but improved cockpit design including better human-machine interface. These cannot be achieved however, without considering some of the cognitive constructs that affect the behaviour of pilots in the cockpit. In fact, given its characteristics and public visibility, the flight deck of commercial jets is one of the most common arenas for the study of complex and skilled human performance. Here I present a literature review on the selected topics of workload, situation awareness, stress and automation in the cockpit, with the goal of supporting the development of new technologies.

A Pilot Study of Cognitive-Neuroscience Mechanism in Product Concept Evaluation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Takai ◽  
Michael Wagner ◽  
Marcos Esterman
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Sound Design ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Product Concept ◽  
Concept Evaluation ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Product Concepts

Novel, functional, and aesthetic products are thought to have a high likelihood of success in the marketplace. While making sound design decisions is a critical ability of good designers, evaluating product concepts for their future successes in the marketplace is a challenging task. In design classes, only about half of product concepts selected by student design teams may be retained and prototyped into final products, i.e., about half of student design teams find that their initial product concepts are difficult to make workable and change to different concepts by the time they create prototypes for testing. This paper investigates if electrophysiological concomitants in product concept evaluation may potentially be used to improve students’ and designers’ product concept evaluation processes. The preliminary data in this pilot study indicate that distinct decision-making processes may occur during evaluations of product concepts on novelty, functionality, and aesthetics, evidenced by brain activation differences among students.

scholarly journals Levels of Automation in Human Factors Models for Automation Design: Why We Might Consider Throwing the Baby Out With the Bathwater

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg A. Jamieson ◽  
Gyrd Skraaning
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
Design Guidance

This paper responds to Kaber’s reflections on the empirical grounding and design utility of the levels-of-automation (LOA) framework. We discuss the suitability of the existing human performance data for supporting design decisions in complex work environments. We question why human factors design guidance seems wedded to a model of questionable predictive value. We challenge the belief that LOA frameworks offer useful input to the design and operation of highly automated systems. Finally, we seek to expand the design space for human–automation interaction beyond the familiar human factors constructs. Taken together, our positions paint LOA frameworks as abstractions suffering a crisis of confidence that Kaber’s remedies cannot restore.

scholarly journals Human Performance Risks and Benefits of Adaptive Systems on the Flight Deck

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Dorneich ◽  
William Rogers ◽  
Stephen D. Whitlow ◽  
Robert DeMers
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Flight Deck
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