scholarly journals Grid integration of offshore wind farms using multi-terminal DC transmission systems (MTDC)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Giddani ◽  
G.P. Adam ◽  
K.L. Lo ◽  
O. Anaya-Lara
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Grid Integration ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms

A Study on the New Grid Integration Solutions of Offshore Wind Farms

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 3610-3616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yin Zhang ◽  
Zai Jun Wu ◽  
Si Peng Hao ◽  
Ke Xu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Grid Integration ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Electrical Interconnection ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
And Performance

Offshore wind farm is developed in the ascendant currently. The reliable operation, power loss, investment cost and performance of wind farms were effect by the integration solutions of electrical interconnection system directly. Several new integration configurations based on VSC-HVDC were comparative analyzed. For the new HVDC topology applied the wind farm internal DC bus, the Variable Speed DC (VSDC) system that is suitable for those topologies was proposed. The structure of VSDC was discussed and maximum wind power tracking was simulated on the minimal system. It is clear that new integration configurations based on VSC-HVDC has good prospects.

scholarly journals Current Source Converter Based Offshore Wind Farm: Configuration and Control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miteshkumar Nandlal Popat
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Grid Integration ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Current Source Converter ◽  
Grid Side

Recently, offshore wind farms have emerged as the most promising sector in the global renewable energy industry. The main reasons for the rapid development of offshore wind farms includes much better wind resources and smaller environmental impact (e.g., audible noise and visual effect). However, the current state of the offshore wind power presents economic challenges significantly greater than onshore. In this thesis, a novel interconnecting method for permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based offshore wind farm is proposed, where cascaded pulse-width modulated (PWM) current-source converters (CSCs) are employed on both generator- and grid-side. With the converters in cascade to achieve high operating voltages, the proposed method eliminates the need for bulky and very costly offshore converter substation which is usually employed in voltage source converter (VSC) high voltage DC (HVDC)-based counterparts. Related research in terms of control schemes and grid integration are carried out to adapt the proposed cascaded CSC-based offshore wind farm configuration. The large distance between generator- and grid-side CSC in the proposed wind farm configuration addresses significant challenges for the system control. In order to overcome the problem, a novel decoupled control scheme is developed. The active and reactive power control on the grid-side converters are achieved without any exchange of information from the generator-side controller. Therefore, the long distance communication links between the generator- and grid-side converters are eliminated and both controllers are completely decoupled. At the same time, the maximum power tracking control is achieved for the generator-side converters that enable full utilization of the wind energy. Considering inconsistent wind speed at each turbine, a coordinated control scheme is proposed for the cascaded CSC-based offshore wind farm. In proposed control strategy, the wind farm supervisory control (WFSC) is developed to generate the optimized dc-link current control. This enables all the turbines to independently track their own MPPT even with inconsistent wind speed at each turbine. Grid integration issues, especially the fault ride-through (FRT) capability for the cascaded CSC-based offshore wind farm are addressed. Challenges in implementing existing FRT methods to the proposed offshore wind farm are identified. Based on this, a new FRT strategy using inherent short circuit operating capability of the CSC is developed. Moreover, the mitigation strategy is developed to ensure the continuous operation of the cascaded CSC-based offshore wind farm when one or more turbines fail to operate. Simulation and experimental verification for various objectives are provided throughout the thesis. The results validate the proposed solutions for the main challenges of the cascaded current source converter based offshore wind farm.

scholarly journals Failure Rates of Offshore Wind Transmission Systems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Warnock ◽  
David McMillan ◽  
James Pilgrim ◽  
Sally Shenton
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Failure Rates ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reliability Performance

In the offshore wind industry, failures are often costlier than those experienced onshore. Through examination of the literature, it is clear that failures occurring in offshore transmission systems are not well documented. As a result of this, many developers and other parties involved in the planning processes associated with offshore wind farms will defer back to existing reliability metrics in the public domain. This article presents a review of European offshore wind farm transmission failures based on fusing information from multiple public domain sources. The results highlight both the spread of the reliability performance of these assets and the reliability performance over time. The results also reinforce the industry view that installation practices could lead to low reliability in the initial years of operation, resulting in increased repair costs and decreased revenue for wind farm owners and operators. The information collated in the review is also compared to metrics from across the literature to evaluate the difference in forecasted failure rates to those experienced within the industry. In general, it is found that the experienced failure rates are subject to a much higher spread in practice than those published until now.

Optimum voltage control for loss minimization in HVDC multi-terminal transmission systems for large offshore wind farms

2012 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mònica Aragüés-Peñalba ◽  
Agustí Egea-Àlvarez ◽  
Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt ◽  
Andreas Sumper
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Control ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Loss Minimization ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms

Droop control for loss minimization in HVDC multi-terminal transmission systems for large offshore wind farms

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mònica Aragüés-Peñalba ◽  
Agustí Egea-Àlvarez ◽  
Samuel Galceran Arellano ◽  
Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
Loss Minimization ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms

scholarly journals Review on DC transmission systems for integrating large‐scale offshore wind farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Zhengxuan Li ◽  
Qiang Song ◽  
Feng An ◽  
Biao Zhao ◽  
Zhanqing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms

scholarly journals Operation and Power Flow Control of Multi-Terminal DC Networks for Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Farms Using Genetic Algorithms

Energies ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Pinto ◽  
Sílvio Rodrigues ◽  
Edwin Wiggelinkhuizen ◽  
Ricardo Scherrer ◽  
Pavol Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Flow Control ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Grid Integration ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Power Flow Control
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