Generic virtual power plants: management of distributed energy resources under liberalized electricity market

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. You ◽  
C. Traeholt ◽  
B. Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Distributed Energy Resources ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Virtual Power Plants

Method for the operation planning of virtual power plants considering forecasting errors of distributed energy resources

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Sowa ◽  
Maria Vasconcelos ◽  
Armin Schnettler ◽  
Michael Metzger ◽  
Alexander Hammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Distributed Energy Resources ◽  
Operation Planning ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Virtual Power Plants ◽  
Forecasting Errors

Microgrids and virtual power plants: Concepts to support the integration of distributed energy resources

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (7) ◽  
pp. 731-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Pudjianto ◽  
C Ramsay ◽  
G Strbac
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Test System ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Distributed Energy Resources ◽  
Ancillary Service ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Virtual Power Plants ◽  
Efficient Integration ◽  
Cost Efficient

This article presents the concepts of the microgrid and the virtual power plant (VPP) as vehicles to facilitate cost-efficient integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) into the existing power system. These concepts were designed to enhance the system value and the controllability of DER and to provide frameworks for the development of interfaces among energy and ancillary service resources, system operators, and energy market participants. Through aggregation, DER access to energy markets is facilitated, and DER-based system support and ancillary services can be provided. By enabling this additional functionality, it is envisaged that system performance measured in the form of energy efficiency, power quality, security, and economic operation can be improved. In this paper, the technical and commercial functionality facilitated through the microgrid and VPP concepts is described. The paper concludes with case studies demonstrating the application of the concepts on a test system.

scholarly journals A Virtual Power Plant Solution for Aggregating Photovoltaic Systems and Other Distributed Energy Resources for Northern European Primary Frequency Reserves

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Rakshith Subramanya ◽  
Matti Yli-Ojanperä ◽  
Seppo Sierla ◽  
Taneli Hölttä ◽  
Jori Valtakari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Distributed Energy Resources ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Virtual Power Plant ◽  
Virtual Power Plants ◽  
Primary Frequency

Primary frequency reserves in Northern Europe have traditionally been provided with hydro plants and fossil fuel-burning spinning reserves. Recently, smart distributed energy resources have been equipped with functionality needed to participate on frequency reserves. Key categories of such resources include photovoltaic systems, batteries, and smart loads. Most of these resources are small and cannot provide the minimum controllable power required to participate on frequency reserves. Thus, virtual power plants have been used to aggregate the resources and trade them on the frequency reserves markets. The information technology aspects of virtual power plants are proprietary and many of the details have not been made public. The first contribution of this article is to propose a generic data model and application programming interface for a virtual power plant with the above-mentioned capabilities. The second contribution is to use the application programming interface to cope with the unpredictability of the frequency reserve capacity that the photovoltaic systems and other distributed energy resources are able to provide to the frequency reserves markets in the upcoming bidding period. The contributions are demonstrated with an operational virtual power plant installation at a Northern European shopping center, aggregating photovoltaic Primary Frequency Reserves resources.

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