Evaluation of the successive restoration of electricity supply to customers in distribution networks in connection with the regulation of electricity supply continuity

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Skala ◽  
V. Detrich ◽  
S. Grulling
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Successive Restoration

scholarly journals The Vulnerability of the Power Sector to Climate Variability and Change: Evidence from Indonesia

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamia Handayani ◽  
Tatiana Filatova ◽  
Yoram Krozer
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Power Outages ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Weather Events

The power sector is a key target for reducing CO2 emissions. However, little attention has been paid to the sector’s vulnerability to climate change. This paper investigates the impacts of severe weather events and changes in climate variables on the power sector in developing countries, focusing on Indonesia as a country with growing electricity infrastructure, yet being vulnerable to natural hazards. We obtain empirical evidence concerning weather and climate impacts through interviews and focus group discussions with electric utilities along the electricity supply chain. These data are supplemented with reviews of utilities’ reports and published energy sector information. Our results indicate that severe weather events often cause disruptions in electricity supply—in the worst cases, even power outages. Weather-related power outages mainly occur due to failures in distribution networks. While severe weather events infrequently cause shutdowns of power plants, their impact magnitude is significant if it does occur. Meanwhile, transmission networks are susceptible to lightning strikes, which are the leading cause of the networks’ weather-related failures. We also present estimates of financial losses suffered by utilities due to weather-related power disruptions and highlights their adaptation responses to those disruptions.

The value of tidal-stream energy resource to off-grid communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Lewis ◽  
John Maskell ◽  
Daniel Coles ◽  
Michael Ridgill ◽  
Simon Neill
Keyword(s):  
Energy Resource ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Power Curve ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Tidal Stream ◽  
Tidal Stream Energy

<p>Tidal-stream energy research has often focused on the applicability of the resource to large electricity distribution networks, or reducing costs so it can compete with other renewables (such as offshore wind). Here we explore how tidal electricity may be worth the additional cost, as the quality and predictability of the electricity could be advantageous – especially to remote “off-grid” communities and industry.</p><p>The regular motion from astronomical forces allows the tide to be predicted far into the future, and therefore idealised scenarios of phasing tidal electricity supply to demand can be explored. A normalised tidal-stream turbine power curve, developed from published data on 15 devices, was developed. Tidal harmonics of a region, based on ocean model output, were used in conjunction with this normalised tidal-stream power curve, and predictions of yield and the timing of electricity supply were made. Such analysis allows the type and number of turbines needed for a specific community requirement, as well as a resource-led tidal turbine optimisation for a region. For example, with a simple M2 tide (12.42hour period) of 2m/s peak flow, which represents mean flow conditions, a rated turbine speed of 1.8m/s gives the highest yield-density of all likely turbine configurations (i.e. calculated from power density and so ignores turbine diameter), and with a 41% Capacity Factor. Furthermore, as tidal current and power predictions can be made, we explore the battery size needed for a given electricity demand timeseries (e.g. baseload, or offshore aquaculture). Our analysis finds tidal-stream energy could be much more useful than other forms of renewable energy to off-grid communities due to the predictability and persistence of the electricity supply. Moreover, our standardised power curve method will facilitate technical tidal energy resource assessment for any region.</p>

3. Electricity systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-73
Author(s):  
Nick Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Conventional Structure ◽  
Transmission And Distribution ◽  
Electricity Systems

‘Electricity systems’ explains that the two essential functions of an electricity system are to take power from the generators and distribute it to consumers, and to balance the supply and demand of electrical energy. A secondary objective is to control the voltage but this is easier and cheaper to accomplish. The conventional structure of a modern electricity supply system and what should be considered in its design and operation is discussed before considering contemporary developments in electricity generation, transmission, and distribution. All aspects of the electricity system are entering a period of great change, especially in the distribution networks with rapidly increasing distributed generation.

Reactive power and voltage regulation in micro grids environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
I. Vokony
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Voltage Quality ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Grid Operation ◽  
Micro Grids

Abstract This paper is a continuation of the paper “Examination of Micro Grid Operation in Island Condition, Focusing on Voltage Control” [10]. It has presented the assessment of micro grids’ voltage and reactive power control. The increasing integration of intelligent energy distribution networks has to serve the interest of the consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the quality of the electricity supply with regard to the voltage quality as well. How is it possible to ensure the regulation in those cases, e.g. in case of island operation? In the paper the model developed and used for simulating the micro grids are introduced and it is also shown how to apply them for island operation assessment. With the help of a model network the results of the simulations are presented and the conclusions are evaluated.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic systems and yearly net self-sufficient electricity supply in distribution networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 443-448
Author(s):  
G. Stumberger ◽  
◽  
M. Roser ◽  
F. Toplak ◽  
K. Dezan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems

scholarly journals Local Energy Systems in Iraq: Neighbourhood Diesel Generators and Solar Photovoltaic Generation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Al-Wakeel
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Operators ◽  
Diesel Generators ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs ◽  
Provincial Councils ◽  
Generator Sets

Iraqis experience interruptions of the public electricity supply of up to 18 hours a day. In response, private entrepreneurs and the Local Provincial Councils (LPCs) have installed an estimated 55,000–80,000 diesel generators, each rated typically between 100 and 500 kVA. The generators supply neighbourhoods through small, isolated distribution networks to operate lighting, fans and small appliances when power is not available from the public supply. A single radial live conductor connects each customer to the generator and payment for the electricity is based on a monthly charge per ampere. The operation and regulation of the neighbourhood diesel generator networks was reviewed through a comprehensive literature survey, site visits and interviews conducted with local operators and assemblers of the generator sets. The electricity is expensive, the generators can only supply small loads, have considerable environmental impact and the unusual single wire distribution practice is potentially hazardous. However, the use of the generators is likely to continue in the absence of any alternative electricity supply. The diesels and networks are poorly regulated and there is scope to enforce existing standards and develop a new standard to address the hazards of the connection practice. The chapter goes on to assess the possibilities of using small photovoltaic systems for power generation in Iraq.

Resilience of Electricity Distribution Networks Against Extreme Weather Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Forssén ◽  
Kari Mäki ◽  
Minna Räikkönen ◽  
Riitta Molarius
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Electricity Distribution ◽  
Overhead Lines ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Adverse Weather

Extreme weather forms a major threat to electricity distribution networks and has caused many severe power outages in the past. A reliable electrical grid is something most of us take for granted, but storms, heavy snowfall, and other effects of extreme weather continue to cause disruptions in electricity supply. This paper contributes to ensuring the continuity of electricity supply under adverse weather events. The aim is to describe and to analyze how the continuity of electricity supply can be ensured in the case of extreme weather. Based on the research, the energy sector is highly dependent on the existing locations and structures of the current infrastructure. Aging infrastructure is commonly seen as a main vulnerability factor. The most vulnerable parts of the electricity distribution system to extreme weather conditions are the networks built as overhead lines. However, the resilience of the networks against extreme weather can be increased significantly in all phases of a disaster management cycle. Methods and technological solutions proposed in this paper to alleviate such problems include adjacent forest management and periodic aerial inspections, situational awareness, distributed generation and microgrids, placement of overhead lines, underground cabling, and unmanned air vehicles. However, it must be noticed that the methods and their value for stakeholders are context-dependent. Thus, their applicability and appropriateness may change over time.

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