scholarly journals Energy efficiency, latency and reliability trade‐offs in M2M uplink scheduling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses K Torkudzor ◽  
Stefan Schwarz ◽  
Jamal‐Deen Abdulai ◽  
Markus Rupp
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Uplink Scheduling ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Characterizing Color Quality, Damage to Artwork, and Light Intensity of Multi-Primary LEDs for Museums

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-197
Author(s):  
Dorukalp Durmus
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Appearance Model ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Great Flexibility ◽  
Oil Paintings ◽  
Damage Reduction ◽  
Output Variability ◽  
Color Quality ◽  
Trade Offs

Light causes damage when it is absorbed by sensitive artwork, such as oil paintings. However, light is needed to initiate vision and display artwork. The dilemma between visibility and damage, coupled with the inverse relationship between color quality and energy efficiency, poses a challenge for curators, conservators, and lighting designers in identifying optimal light sources. Multi-primary LEDs can provide great flexibility in terms of color quality, damage reduction, and energy efficiency for artwork illumination. However, there are no established metrics that quantify the output variability or highlight the trade-offs between different metrics. Here, various metrics related to museum lighting (damage, the color quality of paintings, illuminance, luminous efficacy of radiation) are analyzed using a voxelated 3-D volume. The continuous data in each dimension of the 3-D volume are converted to discrete data by identifying a significant minimum value (unit voxel). Resulting discretized 3-D volumes display the trade-offs between selected measures. It is possible to quantify the volume of the graph by summing unique voxels, which enables comparison of the performance of different light sources. The proposed representation model can be used for individual pigments or paintings with numerous pigments. The proposed method can be the foundation of a damage appearance model (DAM).

scholarly journals Energy efficiency trade-offs in small to large electric vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Weiss ◽  
Kira Christina Cloos ◽  
Eckard Helmers
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Synergies and Trade-Offs Between Sustainable Development and Energy Performance of Exterior Lighting

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika K. Jägerbrand
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Trade Offs

The aim of this review was to map synergies and trade-offs between sustainable development and energy efficiency and savings regarding exterior lighting. Exterior lighting, such as public road and street lighting, requires significant amounts of energy and hinders sustainable development through its increasing of light pollution, ecological impact, and global climate change. Interlinkages between indicators in sustainability and energy that have positive interactions will lead to a mutual reinforcement in the decision-making process, and vice versa, interlinkages between trade-offs may lead to unwanted and conflicting effects. Very few studies have presented a clear vision of how exterior lighting should be contributing to, and not counteracting, the sustainable development of our planet. This study was conducted through a theoretical and systematic analysis that examined the interactions between sustainable development and energy performance based on a framework using indicators and variables, and by reviewing the current literature. Additionally, 17 indicators of energy efficiency and energy savings were identified and used in the analysis. Most interactions between variables for sustainable development and energy performance (52%) were found to be synergistic. The synergistic interactions were mostly found (71%) in the ecological and environmental dimension showing that environmental and ecological sustainability goes hand in hand with energy efficiency and savings. Trade-offs were found only in the economic and social dimensions accounting for 18% of the interactions identified. This review shows that the interactions between sustainable development and energy performance can be used to establish more efficient policies for decision-making processes regarding exterior lighting.

scholarly journals Combining scaling relationships overcomes rate versus overpotential trade-offs in O2 molecular electrocatalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. eaaz3318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Martin ◽  
Brandon Q. Mercado ◽  
James M. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Iron Porphyrin ◽  
Scaling Relationships ◽  
Anionic Ligand ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Rate Versus ◽  
Molecular Catalysts

The development of advanced chemical-to-electrical energy conversions requires fast and efficient electrocatalysis of multielectron/multiproton reactions, such as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Using molecular catalysts, correlations between the reaction rate and energy efficiency have recently been identified. Improved catalysis requires circumventing the rate versus overpotential trade-offs implied by such “scaling relationships.” Described here is an ORR system—using a soluble iron porphyrin and weak acids—with the best reported combination of rate and efficiency for a soluble ORR catalyst. This advance is achieved not by “breaking” scaling relationships but rather by combining two of them. Key to this behavior is a polycationic ligand, which enhances anionic ligand binding and changes the catalyst E1/2. These results show how combining scaling relationships is a powerful way toward improved electrocatalysis.

scholarly journals Spectral and Energy Efficiency Trade-offs in Cellular Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Tsilimantos ◽  
Jean-Marie Gorce ◽  
Katia Jaffres-Runser ◽  
H. Vincent Poor
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals How Can Blockchain Technology Accelerate Energy Efficiency Interventions? A Use Case Comparison

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5869
Author(s):  
Marco Schletz ◽  
Ana Cardoso ◽  
Gabriela Prata Dias ◽  
Søren Salomo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Case Comparison ◽  
System Designs

This paper qualitatively evaluates the application of blockchain technology for three energy efficiency use cases. To achieve the Sustainable Development Agenda, energy efficiency improvements have to double by 2030. However, the adoption of energy efficiency interventions is slow due to several market barriers. Blockchain technology is a nascent technology with the potential to address these barriers or even fundamentally change energy system designs, by enabling transparent, decentralised, and tamper-resilient systems. Nevertheless, a blockchain application comes with trade-offs and needs to be considered on a case by case basis. In this paper, we examine the benefits and constraints of a blockchain application for three different approaches to achieving energy efficiency: (i) peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading; (ii) White Certificate Scheme (WCS); and (iii) Energy Service Companies (ESCOs). For each of these cases, we apply a decision framework to assess blockchain feasibility and outline a potential blockchain-based design. The analysis shows that blockchain functions are case dependent and that an application creates different governance and system designs due to varying case characteristics. We discuss how the identified blockchain adoption barriers can be overcome and stress the need for policy action to advance the development of pilot studies. By decentralising system governance, blockchain enables innovative designs that can accelerate the implementation of energy efficiency interventions.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency and Spectral Efficiency Tradeoff in Massive MIMO Multicast Transmission with Statistical CSI

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Bin Jiang ◽  
Bowen Ren ◽  
Yufei Huang ◽  
Tingting Chen ◽  
Li You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Allocation ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Multicast Transmission ◽  
Transmission Strategy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Core Technology ◽  
System Resource

As the core technology of 5G mobile communication systems, massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) can dramatically enhance the energy efficiency (EE), as well as the spectral efficiency (SE), which meets the requirements of new applications. Meanwhile, physical layer multicast technology has gradually become the focus of next-generation communication technology research due to its capacity to efficiently provide wireless transmission from point to multipoint. The availability of channel state information (CSI), to a large extent, determines the performance of massive MIMO. However, because obtaining the perfect instantaneous CSI in massive MIMO is quite challenging, it is reasonable and practical to design a massive MIMO multicast transmission strategy using statistical CSI. In this paper, in order to optimize the system resource efficiency (RE) to achieve EE-SE balance, the EE-SE trade-offs in the massive MIMO multicast transmission are investigated with statistical CSI. Firstly, we formulate the eigenvectors of the RE optimization multicast covariance matrices of different user terminals in closed form, which illustrates that in the massive MIMO downlink, optimal RE multicast precoding is supposed to be done in the beam domain. On the basis of this viewpoint, the optimal RE precoding design is simplified into a resource efficient power allocation problem. Via invoking the quadratic transform, we propose an iterative power allocation algorithm, which obtains an adjustable and reasonable EE-SE tradeoff. Numerical simulation results reveal the near-optimal performance and the effectiveness of our proposed statistical CSI-assisted RE maximization in massive MIMO.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Coding with Discrete Stochastic Events

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1323-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Schreiber ◽  
Christian K. Machens ◽  
Andreas. V. M. Herz ◽  
Simon B. Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Signaling Cost ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Stochastic Events

We investigate the energy efficiency of signaling mechanisms that transfer information by means of discrete stochastic events, such as the opening or closing of an ion channel. Using a simple model for the generation of graded electrical signals by sodium and potassium channels, we find optimum numbers of channels that maximize energy efficiency. The optima depend on several factors: the relative magnitudes of the signaling cost (current flow through channels), the fixed cost of maintaining the system, the reliability of the input, additional sources of noise, and the relative costs of upstream and downstream mechanisms. We also analyze how the statistics of input signals influence energy efficiency. We find that energy-efficient signal ensembles favor a bimodal distribution of channel activations and contain only a very small fraction of large inputs when energy is scarce. We conclude that when energy use is a significant constraint, trade-offs between information transfer and energy can strongly influence the number of signaling molecules and synapses used by neurons and the manner in which these mechanisms represent information.

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