Stutterers’ Self-Ratings of How Natural Speech Sounds and Feels

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Finn ◽  
Roger J. Ingham
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Speech Quality ◽  
Natural Speech ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Rhythmic Stimulation ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Speech Monitoring ◽  
The Way

The efficacy of stuttering treatment has been a contentious issue in recent years. Two issues of primary concern include the treated stutterer’s abnormal speech quality and the problem of continually self-monitoring fluency skills. One approach to addressing these issues is to obtain stutterers’ self-ratings of speech quality and levels of speech monitoring. However, the reliability and validity of such self-ratings need to be assessed before they are suitable for use in stuttering treatment. The present study investigated one method of estimating the reliability and validity of stutterers’ self-ratings of how natural their speech sounds (speech naturalness), and how natural they feel about the amount of attention they are paying to the way they are speaking (feel naturalness). Twelve adult stutterers were instructed to self-rate the speech and feel naturalness of their speech under a variety of rhythmic stimulation conditions across repeated rating occasions. With some qualifications, the results showed that stutterers were relatively consistent and valid self-raters of speech quality and levels of speech monitoring.

Speech events and natural speech: some implications for sociolinguistic methodology

1976 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nessa Wolfson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Speech ◽  
Specific Variable ◽  
Speech Event ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
Group Sessions ◽  
Speech Events ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACTSamples of speech suitable for sociolinguistic analysis may be sought in several ways. Interviews (either formal or informal), and tape-recorded group sessions, are the methods most used currently. In research on a specific variable, the historical present tense (HP), none of these methods proved neutral or adequate. Although the historical present tense is very widely used in conversational narratives, its occurrence within interviews is so infrequent as to be striking. An explanation was found in the way in which the interview has a specific known place as a speech event in the culture of those whose speech was being studied. The so-called spontaneous interview does not have such a place, and for that very reason is even less satisfactory a source of data. The notion of natural speech is taken as properly equivalent to that of appropriate speech; as not equivalent to unselfconscious speech; and as observable easily, and often best, by simple techniques of participation. (Sociolinguistic methodology; speech events, interviews, observation, natural speech; United States English).

scholarly journals Language and Learner Specific Influences on the Emergence of Consonantal Place and Manner Features

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Rose ◽  
Natalie Penney
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
First Language ◽  
Phonological Representation ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Distributional Properties ◽  
Phonological Categories ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
The Way

This article focuses on the emergence of consonantal place and manner feature categories in the speech of first language learners. Starting with an overview of current representational approaches to phonology, we take the position that only models that allow for the emergence of phonological categories at all levels of phonological representation (from sub-segmental properties of speech sounds all the way to word forms represented within the child’s lexicon) can account for the data. We begin with a cross-linguistic survey of the acquisition of rhotic consonants. We show that the types of substitutions affecting different rhotics cross-linguistically can be predicted from two main observations: the phonetic characteristics of these rhotics and the larger system of categories displayed by each language. We then turn to a peculiar pattern of labial substitution for coronal continuants in the speech of a German learner. Building on previous literature on the topic, we attribute the emergence of this pattern to distributional properties of the child’s developing lexicon. Together, these observations suggest that our understanding of phonological emergence must involve a consideration of multiple, potentially interacting levels of phonetic and phonological representation.

The Indian Competition Act: A Historical and Developmental Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiju Varghese Mazhuvanchery
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Developmental Perspective ◽  
Law And Development ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Indian Act ◽  
Competition Laws ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The relationship between competition law and development continues to be a subject that excites many. The appropriate design of a competition law with developmental dimensions is a contentious issue. With the enactment of the Competition Act 2002, India joined the hundred odd developing countries that have adopted new competition laws over the last two decades. After a hiatus of seven years, substantive provisions of the Act have been notified recently. The Indian Act presents a perfect case study for the developmental dimensions of competition law. This paper explores the events that led to the enactment of the new law in India and analyses its provisions from a developmental perspective. The paper concludes that many of the provisions in the law may come in the way of the realization of developmental goals.

Monitoring of Standard Enactment for Exploration and Exploitation

2020 ◽  
pp. 256-270
Author(s):  
Sarah Langer ◽  
Andrea Fried
Keyword(s):  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Organizational Processes ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

In this chapter, Sarah Langer and Andrea Fried reflect on the relationship between standards and innovation. They observe how studies of the relationship between standards and innovation show contradictory results; standards can both enable and constrain innovation. There are several reviews that deal with the question of the standard–innovation nexus and come to the same conclusion that the results are not satisfactory thus far. By identifying reflexive, diagnostic, self-monitoring, and inadequate ways of monitoring standard enactment, the standard–innovation nexus can be explained in a novel way. The authors suggest that the way in which organizations monitor deviations from standards influences whether their organizational processes are explorative or exploitative in nature. The chapter concludes with propositions for further research.

Reliability and Validity

2016 ◽  
pp. 408-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul De Boeck ◽  
Paula Elosua
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Psychological Tests ◽  
Educational Testing ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Psychometric Models ◽  
The Way

Chapter 28 describes the evolution of the two most important concepts in psychometrics and for psychological and educational testing: reliability and validity. Between the publication of the first psychological tests and the most recent developments, the scientific, professional, and ethical requirements demanded by testing have largely evolved. Also the scientific disciplines of psychology and education and the practice based on these disciplines are no longer the same as early in their history. Psychometric models have changed, theories have changed, and the problems and requirements made by psychological and educational practice have changed. It does therefore not surprise that the notions of reliability and validity have also evolved. The aim of this chapter is to offer a historical and conceptual view of both these notions, to discuss some approaches in the investigation of reliability and validity, and to formulate some considerations on the way the two notions have evolved.

scholarly journals Formation and Determination of Psychometric Features Pertaining to Happiness Inventory

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Abdollah Shafiabady ◽  
Maryam Gholamzadeh Jofreh ◽  
Ali Delavar ◽  
Masoumeh Esmaeeli
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
The Way

There have been a lot of arguments about the way happiness can be measured. Multiple questionnaires and inventories are used for this purpose. The present study seeks to formulate and determine psychometric features (stability and reliability) and a confirmative factor-based structure is proposed. B.A. and M.A. students of Ahvaz Azad University in year 94–95 participate in this study. 350 students were randomly selected and data was collected using happiness inventory. Data analysis revealed the intended inventory consists of 5 factors and 43 elements. This inventory enjoys relatively high reliability and validity. The confirmative factor – based structure also showed the inventory has a five element model.  

Pharyngeal articulation

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-444
Author(s):  
M. M. Ghali
Keyword(s):  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
The Way

This paper attempts to identify some unexplored types of articulation in the production of some speech sounds. The main interest here lies in the way some English and Arabic sounds are produced: the vowel /a/ in English, and Arabic consonants /ε/ and /ħ/.

ON THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE TOUMBA BUILDING AT LEFKANDI

2015 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
Georg Herdt
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
The State ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Structural Evaluation ◽  
The Way

The building at Toumba, Lefkandi, stands unique in its time and place. The remains of this monument are significant in terms of size and elaboration, and also on account of the way it has been reconstructed and interpreted as the ancestor of the Greek peripteral temple. The primary concern of this article is the structural evaluation of the architectural remains. In part due to the scant nature of the archaeological evidence behind the widely accepted reconstruction, the latter can be seen to have several structural shortcomings. In reassessing the structure several factors are considered, including the state of technology at the time of construction, the characteristics of the building materials employed, and the way they respond to the strains of load and the forces of nature. The process of reconciling such factors with the documented remnants of the building directs us towards a different reconstruction. It thus emerges that the building at Toumba is an implausible ancestor of Greek peripteroi, and an alternative solution without the iconic pre-peristasis is proposed here.

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