Communication and Socialization Skills at Ages 2 and 3 in “Late-Talking” Young Children

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 858-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhea Paul ◽  
Shawn Spangle Looney ◽  
Pamela S. Dahm
Keyword(s):  
Expressive Language ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Expressive Communication ◽  
Late Talkers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Expressive Language Development ◽  
Socialization Skills

Twenty-one apparently normal children between 18 and 34 months of age with slow expressive language acquisition were compared to a group of normally speaking children matched for age, SES, and sex ratio, on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (Sparrow, Balla, & Cicchetti, 1984) The late talkers (LTs) scored significantly lower not only in expressive communication, but also in receptive communication and socialization. A follow-up study of the same subjects, seen at age 3, showed nearly half the 3-year-olds with a history of LT remained delayed in expressive communication and socialization, while one third remained behind in receptive language. The data suggest that social skills are particularly vulnerable to disruption in children with late expressive language development, even after communication skills have moved into the normal range. They suggest, further, that receptive deficits do not seem, in themselves, to increase the risk of continued language delay Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Language development in Iranian children with epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Nemati ◽  
Maryam Jalalipour ◽  
Shadi Niliyeh ◽  
Behjat Maneshian
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Verbal Language ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expressive Language Development ◽  
Generalized Type

Background: Epilepsy is the most common pediatric neurologic disease accompanying with psychosocial delays causing a child’s isolation from the society. Developmental language delays are among the most common complaints of children with epilepsy. In the current study, verbal skills and expressive and receptive language development have been assessed in patients with epilepsy and compared with age-matched normal group. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 78 2-5-year-old children with epilepsy and 78 age-matched normal children referred to the outpatient clinic of Imam Reza affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, in 2017-2018. Demographic information of cases (age, age of onset, type of seizure, and number of consumed remedies) and controls was gathered. In order to assess study population’s verbal, receptive, and expressive language development, Newsha growth measurement test, a validated Persian version of verbal language development questionnaire, was utilized. Results: Comparison of children with epilepsy with normal controls showed a significant difference in spoken, expressive, and receptive language development between children with epilepsy and normal peers (P < 0.05). Spoken and receptive language developments were significantly in association with earlier age of onset, higher number of remedies received for seizure control, generalized type of seizures, and lacking of seizure control (P < 0.05). Expressive language development showed no association with type and control of seizures (P > 0.05) but had significant association with age of onset of epilepsy and number of remedies (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Assessment of verbal language development aspects among children with epilepsy showed a higher rate of delay among these children as compared with normal age-matched ones. Moreover, earlier age of onset, generalized type of seizures, higher number of consumed remedies, and poor seizure control were accompanied with higher and more severe speech and language delay.

Reading and Metaphonological Outcomes in Late Talkers

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhea Paul ◽  
Candace Murray ◽  
Kathleen Clancy ◽  
David Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Language Impairments ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Late Talkers ◽  
Specific Language Impairments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Expressive Language Development

Children with a history of slow expressive language development (SELD) were followed to second grade, at which point outcomes in terms of speech, language, cognitive skills, reading achievement, and metaphonological performance were evaluated. Although there were some statistically significant differences between groups, children with a history of SELD generally performed within the normal range on the measures collected. Relations among speech, reading, and metaphonology in the SELD cohort appeared to operate in a manner similar to that seen in groups with typical language development. The implications of these findings for understanding the nature of specific language impairments and for treating early circumscribed language delays are discussed.

Outcome of toddlers with specific expressive language delay

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Rescorla ◽  
Ellen Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Expressive Language ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Language Delay ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
Articulation Disorders ◽  
Expressive Language Delay

ABSTRACTThis article describes a follow-up of 25 boys diagnosed as having specific expressive language delay (SELD) in the 24- to 31-month age period. At the time of diagnosis, all subjects had Bayley MDI scores above 85, Reynell Receptive Language Age scores within 4 months of their chronological age, and Reynell Expressive Language Age scores at least 5 months below chronological age; most had vocabularies of fewer than 50 words and few if any word combinations. At follow-up, 16 boys were 3 years old, 7 were 3½, and 2 were 4 years of age. When seen for follow-up, half the 25 boys still had very poor expressive language. These boys were speaking at best in short, telegraphic sentences, and many had moderately severe articulation disorders with quite poor intelligibility. The 12 boys with better outcome had a range of language skills. All spoke in sentences to some extent, and each displayed some mastery of early morphemes (prepositions, plurals, articles, progressive tense, and possessives). However, few if any of the children spoke in completely fluent, syntactically complex, and morphologically correct language. Problems with copula and auxiliary verbs, with past tense inflections, and with pronouns seemed especially common. This research suggests that children with SELD at 24 to 30 months are at considerable risk for continuing language problems.

The Role of Phonological Working Memory and Environmental Factors in Lexical Development in Italian-Speaking Late Talkers: A One-Year Follow-Up Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 3462-3473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Marini ◽  
Milena Ruffino ◽  
Maria Enrica Sali ◽  
Massimo Molteni
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Family History ◽  
Home Literacy Environment ◽  
Home Literacy ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Literacy Environment ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Late Talkers ◽  
History Of

Purpose This follow-up study assessed (a) the influence of phonological working memory (pWM), home literacy environment, and a family history of linguistic impairments in late talkers (LTs); (b) the diagnostic accuracy of a task of nonword repetition (NWR) in identifying LTs; and (c) the persistence of lexical weaknesses after 10 months. Method Two hundred ninety-three children were assessed at approximately 32 (t1) and 41 (t2) months. At t1, they were administered the Italian adaptation of the Language Development Survey, an NWR task (used to assess pWM), and questionnaires assessing home literacy environment and family history of language impairments. Thirty-three LTs were identified. The linguistic skills of the participants were evaluated at t2 by administering tasks assessing Articulation, Naming, Semantic Fluency, and Lexical Comprehension. Results At t2, LTs performed more poorly as compared with age-matched typically developing peers in articulatory and naming skills, had reduced lexical comprehension abilities, and had limited lexical knowledge. Their performance on the NWR task at t1 correlated with the extension of their vocabularies at t2 (as estimated with a Semantic Fluency task). Conclusions The Language Development Survey recently adapted to Italian is sensitive to LTs. Former LTs still have a mild lexical delay at approximately 40 months. As an indirect measure of pWM, the task of NWR is an early indicator of future lexical deficits.

scholarly journals Late-talking toddlers: MLU and IPSyn outcomes at 3;0 and 4;0

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESLIE RESCORLA ◽  
KATHERINE DAHLSGAARD ◽  
JULIE ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Expressive Language ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Language Outcomes ◽  
Late Talkers ◽  
Nonverbal Ability ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Predictive Relationship

Expressive language outcomes measured by MLU and the Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn) at ages 3;0 and 4;0 were investigated in 34 late talkers with normal receptive language identified between 2;0 to 2;7 and 16 typically developing comparison children matched on age, SES, and nonverbal ability. Late talkers made greater gains than comparison children between 3;0 and 4;0 in both MLU and IPSyn raw score. However, when age-standardized z-scores were analysed, the late talkers were about 2·5 standard deviations below comparison children on both measures at both ages. At 3;0, 41% of the late talkers had MLUs above the 10th percentile based on Scarborough's (1990) benchmark sample; by 4;0, 71% did so. Using the IPSyn, a more stringent measure, 34% scored above the 10th percentile at 3;0 and only 29% did so at 4;0. MLU was significantly correlated with the IPSyn at both ages for the late talkers, but only at 3;0 for the comparison children. A converging set of regression analyses indicated no group differences in the predictive relationship between MLU and IPSyn, suggesting that the late talkers were delayed on both measures but not deviant in their development.

A 28-Year Follow-Up of Adults With a History of Moderate Phonological Disorder

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1114-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Felsenfeld ◽  
Patricia A. Broen ◽  
Matt McGue
Keyword(s):  
Large Data ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Normative Sample ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Questionnaire Measure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nonverbal Reasoning

The present investigation is a follow-up to a longitudinal speech and academic study involving approximately 400 normally developing children begun in 1960 by Mildred Templin. From this large data base, the present project invited the participation of two groups of subjects (now aged 32 to 34): (a) 24 adults with a documented history of moderately severe phonological disorder that persisted at least through the end of first grade (probands) and (b) 28 adults from the same birth cohort and schools who were known to have had at least average articulation skills over the same period (controls). Results of follow-up testing revealed that the proband adults performed significantly more poorly than the control adults on all of the administered measures of articulation, expressive language, and receptive language. Results obtained from a screening of nonverbal reasoning ability were equivocal. On a questionnaire measure of personality, both groups scored well within the normal range for the dimensions of extroversion and neuroticism when compared to the test’s normative sample. These results have been interpreted as suggesting that although many adults with a childhood history of delayed phonological development will continue to experience linguistic outcomes that are less favorable than those of controls, their performance in selected nonlanguage domains (e.g., nonverbal reasoning, personality) will be far more typical of the general population.

The Relationship Between Motor Delays and Language Development in Very Low Birthweight Premature Children at 18 Months Corrected Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Ross ◽  
Rebecca Demaria ◽  
Vivien Yap
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Severe Motor ◽  
Premature Children ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
Expressive Language Development

Purpose The aim of this study is to determine if there is a specific association between motor delays and receptive and expressive language function, respectively, in prematurely born children. Method Retrospective data review: 126 premature children ≤ 1,250-g birthweight from English-speaking families were evaluated on motor development (normal, mild delay, and moderate–severe delay) and the cognitive and language scales of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition (Bayley, 2006) at 18 months corrected age. Cognitive scores were categorized as normal, suspect, and abnormal. Gender, demographic, and perinatal variables were recorded and analyzed with respect to motor category. Results Lower birthweight, chronic need for oxygen, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, and intestinal infection/inflammation were related to poorer motor development. On receptive language, the normal motor group attained significantly higher scores than the moderate–severe motor group but did not differ significantly from the mild delay motor group. On expressive language, the normal motor group had significantly higher scores than both the mild and moderate–severe groups. Girls performed better than boys on receptive and expressive language, but there was no significant interaction between gender and motor category on any of the Bayley scores. Cognitive, but not motor, category significantly contributed to variance of receptive language scores; cognitive and motor category each independently contributed to the variance in expressive language. Conclusion Findings suggest that motor control areas of the brain may be implicated in expressive language development of premature children. Further research is needed to determine the underlying factors for the association between motor and expressive language function.

Epileptiform Activity in Electroencephalogram of Normal Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (05) ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
Azza Alshahawy ◽  
Walid El-Shehaby ◽  
Amira Darwish
Keyword(s):  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Unprovoked Seizure ◽  
Seizure Disorders ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Epilepsy

Objectives This prospective cohort study assessed the prevalence of epileptiform discharges (EDs) in a cohort of healthy Egyptian children aged 1 to 18 years. Methods Children with a history of unprovoked seizure disorders, family history of epilepsy, neurological or psychological disorder, or any other chronic illness were excluded. Digital electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded under resting condition for a minimum of 20 minutes including activation methods. Results The study included 1,382 healthy Egyptian children with no history of unprovoked seizures. Twenty-nine normal children had EDs, which represents 2.1% of total number of studied children. Centrotemporal spikes were detected in 19 children. The prevalence of EDs was significantly higher in children aged 6 to 12 years (3.59%) compared with children aged 13 to 18 years (1.2%) and children aged 1 to 5 years (0.45%). Conclusions EDs can be observed in nonepileptic normal children. Centrotemporal spikes are the most common epileptiform pattern in EEG of normal children. None of normal children with EDs developed seizures or other neurological disorders during follow-up.

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