Respiratory Kinematics in Speakers with Cerebellar Disease

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Murdoch ◽  
Helen J. Chenery ◽  
Peter D. Stokes ◽  
William J. Hardcastle
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Cerebellar Disease ◽  
Neurologically Impaired ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Syllable Repetition ◽  
Respiratory Kinematics ◽  
And Gender

The respiratory abilities of a group of 12 speech disordered subjects with cerebellar disease were assessed using both spirometric and kinematic techniques and compared to those of a group of 12 non-neurologically impaired controls matched for age and gender. Results of the spirometric assessment showed that although all of the cerebellar-diseased subjects had normal total lung capacities, almost half had vital capacities below normal limits. All except 1 of the cerebellar-diseased subjects exhibited irregularities in their chest wall movements while performing sustained vowel and syllable repetition tasks. Over half of the cerebellar-diseased subjects also displayed similar rregularities when reading and conversing. The same irregularities were not present in the chest wall movements exhibited by the control subjects suggesting that their presence was caused by the cerebellar disease Results are discussed in terms of the effects of cerebellar disease on neuromuscular function.

Respiratory Function in Parkinson's Subjects Exhibiting a Perceptible Speech Deficit

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce E. Murdoch ◽  
Helen J. Chenery ◽  
Simon Bowler ◽  
John C. L. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Essentially Normal ◽  
Syllable Repetition ◽  
Age And Sex

The respiratory abilities of a group of 19 speech-disordered subjects with idiopathic Parkinson's disease were assessed using both spirometric and kinematic techniques and compared to those of a group of 19 nonneurologically impaired controls matched for age and sex. Results of the spirometric assessment showed that only a minority of the Parkinson's subjects had lung volumes and capacities outside normal limits. Consequently in the majority of eases, the speech disorder could not be related to any abnormality in lung function determined spirometrically. Chest wall dynamics during both conversation and reading were essentially normal in all cases. Approximately half of the Parkinson's subjects, however, exhibited irregularities in their chest wall movements while performing vowel prolongation and syllable repetition tasks. The same irregularities were not present in the chest wall movements exhibited by the control subjects, suggesting that their presence was in some way related to the Parkinson's disease. Results are discussed in terms of the effects of Parkinson's disease on neuromuscular function.

Hair Magnesium content and its relation to Serum Magnesium level in children with Idiopathic Epilepsy

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Mahmoud Shatla ◽  
Mariam Fathy Abdel Maksoud ◽  
Raghda Mohamed Hesham Zaitoun ◽  
Alaa Rabie Abdel Baset Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Magnesium Level ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Abstract Objective To measure the level of hair Mg, as well as its level in serum, in patients with epilepsy and compare them to the levels found in non-epileptic age and gender matched children, and to explore any potential correlation between either serum or hair level of magnesium and seizure characteristics in children with idiopathic epilepsy. Methods An observational cross-sectional study including 50 children with idiopathic epilepsy and 100 non-epileptic age and gender matched control subjects. Cases were subjected to full history taking, examination and measurements of serum and hair levels of magnesium, control subjects only had their serum and hair level of magnesium measured as for the cases. Results The mean serum magnesium was 29.11 ± 13.42 ug/ml for cases and 27.67 ± 7.24 ug/ml for controls and the median hair level of magnesium was 42.22 ug/g with IQR of 25.9 - 56.82 for cases and 38.6 ug/g with IQR of 25.21 - 61.25 for controls. No statistically significant difference was observed between both groups as regards either serum or hair magnesium levels. No statistically significant correlation was observed between either hair or serum levels of magnesium and seizure characteristics though the correlations were nearing statistical significance for the hair magnesium content. Conclusion Hair magnesium level may be better correlated to seizure characteristics and control than serum levels in patients with epilepsy.

Abstract 15615: Association of Covid-19 With QTc Prolongation: A Need for Routine Ecg Screening

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adarsh S Vangala ◽  
Michelle S Harkins ◽  
Gregory J Mertz ◽  
Ishan R Shah ◽  
Madhura Myla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Qtc Prolongation ◽  
Arrhythmic Death ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
History Of ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Or History

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a high risk of death due to respiratory and cardiac complications. Internalization of the virus in the heart may derange myocyte functions such as repolarization, manifesting as QT prolongation on surface electrocardiograms (ECGs). Long QT is associated with cardiac arrhythmias, including sudden arrhythmic death. Previous studies of corrected QT (QTc) in Covid-19 have not controlled for other QTc prolonging comorbidities. Hypothesis: This study investigates whether COVID-19 is associated with prolonged QTc independent of other causes of QTc prolongation. Methods: QTc values were taken from ECGs of 36 patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care and 70 healthy age- and gender-matched control subjects. Patients were excluded if they received QTc-prolonging drugs, had hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, or hypomagnesemia, or history of excessive alcohol use. QTc values of COVID-19 patients were compared against normal control subjects. Results: The COVID-19 group included 15 females and 21 males with hypertension (n=11) and diabetes mellitus (n=5) as the most common comorbidities. Electrolytes were normal (K, 3.97 ± 0.41 mEq/L; Mg, 2.41 ± 0.38 mg/dL; and corrected Ca, 10.60 ± 0.60 mg/dL). QTc (msec) was significantly prolonged in COVID-19 compared with control subjects (total 469 ± 36.1 vs 418 ± 17.8; females, 475±29.2 vs 424 ± 11.4, and males 465 ± 40.5 vs 416 ± 19.9; all p<0.001). Conclusions: COVID-19 alone, without an associated QT prolonging etiology, is associated with QTc prolongation. Ventricular arrhythmias may be more likely to affect women with COVID-19 than men with the disease. Therefore, it is recommended that, in COVID-19 patients, electrolytes be maintained within normal limits and QT prolonging drugs be avoided.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): gender- and age-related differences in neurocognition

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1337-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bálint ◽  
P. Czobor ◽  
S. Komlósi ◽  
Á. Mészáros ◽  
V. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control

BackgroundDespite the growing recognition that the clinical symptom characteristics associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persist into adulthood in a high proportion of subjects, little is known about the persistence of neurocognitive deficits in ADHD. The objective was twofold: (1) to conduct a meta-analysis of neuropsychological studies to characterize attentional performance in subjects with adult ADHD by examining differences in ADHD versus normal control subjects; and (2) to investigate whether these differences vary as a function of age and gender.MethodTwenty-five neuropsychological studies comparing subjects with adult ADHD and healthy controls were evaluated. Statistical effect size was determined to characterize the difference between ADHD and control subjects. Meta-regression analysis was applied to investigate whether the difference between ADHD and control subjects varied as a function of age and gender across studies.ResultsTests measuring focused and sustained attention yielded an effect size with medium to large magnitude whereas tests of simple attention resulted in a small to medium effect size in terms of poorer attention functioning of ADHD subjects versus controls. On some of the measures (e.g. Stroop interference), a lower level of attention functioning in the ADHD group versus the controls was associated with male gender.ConclusionsAdult ADHD subjects display significantly poorer functioning versus healthy controls on complex but not on simple tasks of attention, and the degree of impairment varies with gender, with males displaying a higher level of impairment.

Reducing Disruption of Circadian Temperature Rhythm Following Surgery

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Farr ◽  
Catherine Todero ◽  
Lonna Boen
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Temperature Rhythm ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temperature Rhythms ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control

Temperature and other circadian rhythms are disrupted following surgery and other traumatic events. During recovery, coordination between temperature rhythms and other rhythmic physiologic processes is reduced. Studies of animals and humans have shown that return of synchrony is not immediate, but that it is important in the recovery process. The purpose of this study was to test a combination of cues that have been shown to adjust the timing of circadian temperature rhythm. The combined cues consisted of timed ingestion of caffeine and protein foods and adjustment of the sleep/wake cycle. The intervention was tested in 26 age-and gender-matched maxillofacial surgery patients. Patients were randomly assigned to control or experimental groups. Circadian temperature rhythm was measured by continuous monitoring with axillary probes and miniature recorders before and after surgery. Following surgery, both experimental and control subjects displayed 24-hour circadian temperature rhythms; however, the peak-to-trough difference was decreased more following surgery in the control subjects than in the subjects who had prepared for surgery by practicing the intervention. Control subjects also had less day-to-day stability in the phase of their rhythms following surgery. These results suggest that the intervention reduced circadian disruption following surgery and provides a way for patients to prepare themselves to resist rhythm changes.

scholarly journals Association between CSF1 and CSF1R Polymorphisms and Parkinson’s Disease in Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hsuan Chang ◽  
Yih-Ru Wu ◽  
Yi-Chun Chen ◽  
Hsiu-Chuan Wu ◽  
Chiung-Mei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Important Pathway ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Background: CSF1/CSF1R neuroinflammatory signaling is emerging as an important pathway involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the genetic associations between CSF1/CSF1R and PD have not yet been explored. Methods: We investigated the effects of two functional genetic variants, including CSF1 rs1058885 and CSF1R rs10079250 in a cohort including 502 Taiwanese patients with PD and 511 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Results: The CSF1 rs1058885 TT genotype was less frequent in PD patients compared with control subjects (odds ratio (OR) = 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43–0.92, p = 0.015). The PD patients also had a lower frequency of the CSF1 rs1058885 T allele compared with the control subjects (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67–0.96, p = 0.014). No statistically significant differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies of CSF1R rs10079250 between the PD and control subjects were found, even after stratification by age at onset and gender. Conclusion: This study reports a genetic association between CSF1 and PD for the first time.

Water Handling In Patients Receiving Haloperidol Decanoate

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M Rider ◽  
Theodore F Mauger ◽  
John P Jameson ◽  
Douglas D Notman
Keyword(s):  
Free Water ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Haloperidol Decanoate ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Water Load ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Water Handling ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Impaired Water

Objective: To determine whether water handling in patients receiving haloperidol decanoate (HD) was impaired. Design: Prospective, controlled trial of water handling in patients without symptomatic hyponatremia receiving HD. Eligibility for study inclusion required that patients had received HD for at least 4 months, were not taking any medication reported to cause inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion or hyponatremia (excluding haloperidol), and would agree to participate in the study. An age- and gender-matched healthy control subject was enrolled for each study patient. Baseline laboratory values were obtained within 48 hours prior to the standard water-loading test to screen for abnormalities in electrolytes, kidney function, and liver function. A 20-mL/kg water-load test was administered to each patient. Urine volume and osmolality were measured every hour for 4 hours. Setting: A community mental health (CMH) outpatient psychiatric facility for the patients receiving HD and Saint Mary's Health Services for the controls. Participants: Fifteen patients receiving HD from the CMH facility and 15 age- and gender-matched control subjects were enrolled. Main Outcomes Measures: Impaired water handling was defined as a failure to dilute urine to less than 100 mmol/kg or a failure to excrete more than 65% of a water load in 4 hours. Results: Five patients receiving HD were excluded because of protocol refusal or violation. Five of 10 evaluable patients receiving HD had abnormal water handling. Two of these could not lower their urine osmolality to less than 100 mmol/kg, 2 could not excrete more than 65% of the water load, and 1 did not meet either criteria. None of the healthy volunteers had abnormal free water handling. The difference between the study patients and the control subjects was statistically significant (p = 0.0097). Conclusions: Fifty percent of our study patients receiving HD had abnormal free water handling. This finding, combined with our clinical observations of symptomatic hyponatremia in other patients receiving the drug, suggests the need to investigate the incidence of hyponatremia and to design a useful screening tool to identify patients at risk. In the meantime, clinicians should be aware of the potential for impaired water handling in patients receiving HD.

scholarly journals Antidepressant-induced differential ubiquitination of β-arrestins 1 and 2 in mononuclear leucocytes of patients with depression

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1745-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moran Golan ◽  
Gabriel Schreiber ◽  
Sofia Avissar
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Receptor Desensitization ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mononuclear Leucocytes ◽  
And Gender

Abstract β-Arrestins 1 and 2, cytosolic proteins known to mediate receptor desensitization, endocytosis and G protein-independent signalling, are post-translationally modified by ubiquitination regulating their ability to serve as adaptors and scaffolds. β-Arrestins were suggested to play a role in the pathophysiology of depression and in antidepressant mechanism of action. To determine whether a depressive episode or antidepressant treatment induce significant selective differences in β-arrestin 1 and 2 levels or their ubiquitination patterns in leucocytes of patients with depression, 46 outpatients diagnosed with a depressive episode were examined before and after 4-wk antidepressant treatment compared with age- and gender-matched control subjects. β-Arrestin levels were measured by immunoblotting using anti-arrestin antibodies. Ubiquitination of β-arrestins was measured using anti-ubiquitin antibodies followed by an immunoprecipitation step and immunoblotting using anti-arrestin antibodies. Antidepressants induced selective alterations in leucocyte β-arrestin 1 and 2 levels and ubiquitination. The levels of β-arrestin 1 and 2 and their ubiquitinated forms in leucocytes of yet untreated patients with depression were significantly decreased in a symptom severity correlated manner compared to control subjects. Antidepressants normalized β-arrestin 1 and 2 levels and uncovered novel differences between the two isoforms: (a) while antidepressants normalized ubiquitination of β-arrestin 1, ubiquination of β-arrestin 2 was unaffected; (b) while under antidepressants ubiquitination extent of β-arrestin 1 positively correlated with its level, an inverse picture of negative correlation was found between ubiquitination extent of β-arrestin 2 and its level. We conclude that antidepressants may serve as a tool to detect functional differences between the two β-arrestin isoforms and that through these differential effects antidepressants can induce specific alterations in alternative cellular signalling.

scholarly journals Swallowing in Parkinson Patients versus Healthy Controls: Reliability of Measurements in Videofluoroscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura W. J. Baijens ◽  
Renée Speyer ◽  
Valéria Lima Passos ◽  
Walmari Pilz ◽  
Nel Roodenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
And Gender

Objective. To determine and describe the pathophysiological aspects of oropharyngeal swallowing in patients with Parkinson's disease more accurately, a pilot study of qualitative as well as quantitative parameters of swallowing was performed using videofluoroscopy (VFS).Methods. Ten patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease having dysphagic complaints and ten healthy age- and gender-matched control subjects underwent a standardized videofluoroscopic swallowing protocol. Information on the swallowing function was derived from temporal, spatial, and descriptive visuoperceptual parameters. Intra- and interrater reliability was calculated.Results. No significant differences were found between Parkinson patients and healthy control subjects for the majority of the reliable variables.Conclusions. It was concluded that swallowing function seemed to be preserved in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, the reliability of many quantitative as well as qualitative swallowing parameters proved insufficient, raising questions about the interpretation of study outcomes in videofluoroscopy.

Hair Zinc content and its relation to Serum Zinc level in children with Idiopathic Epilepsy

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omnia Fathy El Rashidy ◽  
Mariam Fathy Abdel Maksoud ◽  
Raghda Mohamed Hesham Zaitoun ◽  
Nermine Farag Mohamed Abdel Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
Idiopathic Epilepsy ◽  
Hair Zinc ◽  
Serum Zinc Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Zinc Levels

Abstract Objective to measure the level of hair zinc, as well as its level in serum, in patients with epilepsy and compare them to the levels found in non-epileptic age and gender matched children, and to explore any potential correlation between either serum or hair level of magnesium and seizure characteristics in children with idiopathic epilepsy. Methods An observational cross-sectional study including 50 children with idiopathic epilepsy and 100 non-epileptic age and gender matched control subjects. Cases were subjected to full history taking, examination and measurements of serum and hair levels of zinc, control subjects only had their serum and hair level of zinc measured as for the cases. Results The mean serum zinc was 1.13 (0.61 - 1.69) ug/ml for cases and 1.81 (0.75 - 3) ug/ml for controls and the median hair level of zinc was 116.58 ug/g with IQR of 74.97 - 176.58 for cases and 143.64 ug/g with IQR of 95.22 - 178.28 for controls. Serum zinc level was significantly lower in cases compared to controls, but the difference was not statistically significant for hair zinc. No statistically significant correlation was observed between either hair or serum levels of zinc and seizure characteristics. Conclusion Serum zinc levels are reduced in epileptic patients compared to healthy age and gender matched controls. Hair zinc levels do not seem to be affected in idiopathic epilepsy. Studies involving larger numbers of patients are needed to confirm these results.

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