A Study of the Tactual and Visual Reception of Fingerspelling

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Reed ◽  
Lorraine A. Delhorne ◽  
Nathaniel I. Durlach ◽  
Susan D. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Study ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Blind Individual ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Visual Study ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Normal Speed ◽  
Connected Text ◽  
Visual Reception ◽  
To Receive

A method of communication in frequent use among members of the deaf-blind community is the tactual reception of fingerspelling. In this method, the hand of the deaf-blind individual is placed on the hand of the sender to monitor the handshapes and movements associated with the letters of the manual alphabet. The purpose of the current study was to examine the ability of experienced deaf-blind subjects to receive fingerspelled materials, including sentences and connected text, through the tactual sense. A parallel study of the reception of fingerspelling through the visual sense was also conducted using sighted deaf subjects. For both visual and tactual reception of fingerspelled sentences, accuracy of reception was examined as a function of rate of presentation. In the tactual study, where rates were limited to those that could be produced naturally by an experienced interpreter, highly accurate reception of conversational sentence materials was observed throughout the range of naturally produced rates (i.e., 2 to 6 letters/s). In the visual study, rates in excess of those that can be produced naturally were achieved through variable-speed playback of videotapes of fingerspelled sentences. The results of this study indicate that performance varies systematically as a function of rate of presentation, with scores of 50% correct on conversational sentences obtained at rates of 12 to 16 letters/s (i.e., rates roughly double to triple normal speed). These results suggest that normal communication rates for the visual reception of fingerspelling are restricted by limitations on the rate of manual production. Although maximal rates of natural manual production of fingerspelling correspond to the presentation of a new handshape on the order of once every 150–200 ms, the data from the sped-up visual study suggest that experienced receivers of visual fingerspelling are able to receive sentences at substantially higher rates of fingerspelling (which are, in fact, comparable to communication rates for spoken English).

The effects of concurrent Coenzyme Q10, L-carnitine supplementation in migraine prophylaxis: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial

Cephalalgia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Hajihashemi ◽  
Gholamreza Askari ◽  
Fariborz Khorvash ◽  
Mohammad Reza Maracy ◽  
Mojgan Nourian
Keyword(s):  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Headache Diary ◽  
Combined Supplementation ◽  
To Receive

Purpose The present study aimed to determine the effects of combined supplementation of Coenzyme Q10 with L-carnitine on mitochondrial metabolic disorders marker and migraine symptoms among migraine patients. Methods A total of 56 men and women, between 20–40 years of age with migraine headache, participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 30 mg/day Coenzyme Q10 and 500 mg/day L-carnitine at the same time and/or placebo tablets for 8 weeks. The measurements were completed at the beginning and end of the study. The primary outcome was severity of headache attacks. The secondary outcomes included duration, frequency of headache attacks, the headache diary results (HDR), and serum levels of lactate. Results A significant reduction was obtained in serum levels of lactate (−2.28 mg/dl, 95% CI: −3.65, −0.90; p = 0.002), severity (−3.03, 95% CI: −3.65, −2.40; p ≤ 0.001), duration (−7.67, 95% CI: −11.47, −3.90; p ≤ 0.001), frequency (−5.42, 95% CI: −7.31, −3.53; p ≤ 0.001) and HDR (−103.03, 95% CI: −145.76, −60.29; p ≤ 0.001) after 8 weeks. Conclusion This double-blind parallel study provides evidences supporting the beneficial effects of Coenzyme Q10 and L-carnitine supplements on serum levels of lactate and migraine symptoms. Trial registration IRCT20121216011763N21.

The use of diamond-impregnated tools for rock-slicing

1950 ◽  
Vol 29 (210) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
K. C. Dunham ◽  
J. T. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Rock Specimen ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Diamond Powder ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Geological Museum ◽  
Normal Speed ◽  
The Government

For the cutting of chips from rocks preparatory to thin-slicing, it has been standard practice for many years to use notched soft iron disks, manually armed with diamond powder. The latest machines employing cutting-disks of this type at the Geological Museum were built at the Government Training Centre, Ascot Works, Letchworth, to the design of the late Dr. H. H. Thomas and of Mr. W. Ward of the Centre. These are powered with 0.25 horse-power variable speed direct current motors, giving a maximum disk speed of 280 revolutions per minute. By means of rheostats, control of speed as sensitive as that obtainable with a treadle type of machine (see A. V. Weatherhead) is achieved. The normal speed for cutting is 160 to 180 r.p.m. In cutting a hard rock such as chert, it may be necessary to recharge the disk with diamond several times during the operation. The rock-specimen is held in a steel clamp with hardwood liners, mounted on a swinging arm. The rock is held in contact with the disk by the tension of a spring, or, during delicate work, by the pressure of the hand.

A Comparison of Loratadine, a New Nonsedating Antihistamine, with Clemastine and Placebo in Patients with Fall Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Kemp ◽  
Sami L. Bahna ◽  
Paul Chervinsky ◽  
Gary S. Rachelefsky ◽  
James M. Seltzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Daily Diaries ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
To Receive

Loratadine is a new nonsedating long-acting H1-antagonist which has been shown to be effective at various doses in controlling symptoms of spring seasonal allergic rhinitis. In this multicenter, double-blind, parallel study, 313 adolescent and adult patients with moderate to severe, skin-test positive, fall seasonal rhinitis were randomized to receive either loratadine, 10 mg, in the morning and placebo in the evening, clemastine 1 mg. b.i.d., or placebo b.i.d. for 2 weeks. Patients maintained daily diaries of nasal and ocular symptoms and of adverse effects. They were evaluated before and 7 and 14 days after starting treatment. The mean symptom scores on days 7 and 14 showed greater improvement with both loratadine and clemastine treatments than with placebo. The incidence of somnolence in the loratadine group by comparison with the placebo group was not statistically different, whereas clemastine caused significantly more drowsiness than did placebo. We conclude that loratadine, 10 mg, once a day is as effective as clemastine b.i.d. in decreasing the symptoms of fall seasonal rhinitis and the incidence of somnolence with loratadine is not statistically different from that with placebo.

A Study of the Tactual Reception of Sign Language

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Reed ◽  
Lorraine A. Delhorne ◽  
Nathaniel I. Durlach ◽  
Susan D. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
American Sign Language ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
American Sign ◽  
Frequent Type ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Visual Reception ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Made In

One of the natural methods of tactual communication in common use among individuals who are both deaf and blind is the tactual reception of sign language. In this method, the receiver (who is deaf-blind) places a hand (or hands) on the dominant (or both) hand(s) of the signer in order to receive, through the tactual sense, the various formational properties associated with signs. In the study reported here, 10 experienced deaf-blind users of either American Sign Language (ASL) or Pidgin Sign English (PSE) participated in experiments to determine their ability to receive signed materials including isolated signs and sentences. A set of 122 isolated signs was received with an average accuracy of 87% correct. The most frequent type of error made in identifying isolated signs was related to misperception of individual phonological components of signs. For presentation of signed sentences (translations of the English CID sentences into ASL or PSE), the performance of individual subjects ranged from 60–85% correct reception of key signs. Performance on sentences was relatively independent of rate of presentation in signs/sec, which covered a range of roughly 1 to 3 signs/sec. Sentence errors were accounted for primarily by deletions and phonological and semantic/syntactic substitutions. Experimental results are discussed in terms of differences in performance for isolated signs and sentences, differences in error patterns for the ASL and PSE groups, and communication rates relative to visual reception of sign language and other natural methods of tactual communication.

scholarly journals Syntactic Variability in Spoken English Discourse through Age Dimensions

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2 (10)) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Karen Velyan
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Adverbial Clauses

The present article demonstrates certain syntactic expressions of the informal spoken English discourse among native speakers belonging to different age groups. The data of our analysis demonstrate that the frequency of the application of linguistic variables differs among different age categories of native speakers. This is particularly expressed in the frequency of the use of English conjunctions and and but in terms of the frequent use of attributive clauses and adverbial clauses with because.

L2-L1 noncognate masked translation priming as a task-specific phenomenon

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mark J. McPhedran ◽  
Stephen J. Lupker
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Semantic Categorization ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Translation Priming ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Listening Proficiency ◽  
Task Differences ◽  
Masked Translation Priming

Abstract The masked translation priming effect was examined in Chinese–English bilinguals using lexical decision and semantic categorization tasks in an effort to understand why the two tasks seem to produce different patterns of results. A machine-learning approach was used to assess the participant-based factors that contribute to the sizes of translation priming effects in these tasks. As expected, the participant-based factors that predicted translation priming effects did vary across tasks. Priming effects in lexical decision were associated with higher self-rated listening, reading, and writing abilities in English. Priming effects in semantic categorization were associated with more frequent use of English in daily life, spoken English proficiency, and self-rated listening proficiency in English. These results are discussed within the framework of Multilink, the logic of which is then expanded in an attempt to account for these task differences.

The prosody of formulaic expression in the IBM/Lancaster Spoken English Corpus

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe M.S. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Spoken English ◽  
Positional Bias ◽  
Intonation Units ◽  
New Research ◽  
To Receive ◽  
First Words ◽  
Research Avenue ◽  
Annotated Corpora

This article examines the distribution of the nucleus around selected formulaic expressions in the IBM/Lancaster Spoken English Corpus (SEC). The study reveals the presence of a positional bias such that formulaic expressions found at the end of intonation units are more likely to receive the nucleus than those found at the beginning. Amongst the formulaic expressions located at the end of intonation units, 70 percent have the nucleus assigned to the last lexical word of the expressions. For the remaining cases, the obligatory nuclei are found either on the lexical words immediately preceding the expressions or on the first words, the degree words or the flexible slots within the expressions. The study shows how prosodically annotated corpora may facilitate research on the prosody of formulaic expressions. At the same time, it also raises awareness of the issues confronting this new research avenue.

scholarly journals UNJUK KERJA DAN PEMANFAATAN INVERTER SEBAGAI PENGENDALI KECEPATAN MOTOR INDUKSI 3 PHASA

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Anton Anton ◽  
Tuti Angraini
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Induction Motors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor ◽  
Normal Speed ◽  
Domestic Environments ◽  
Ac Induction Motor

The Induction motors are found in industrial and domestic environments because of low cost of operation including, induction motors are widely used induction motor 1 phase and 3 phase. During operation of induction motors generally used at normal speed, but the specific purpose induction motors operated with variable speed. In order to obtain varying motor speed can be controlled using the inverter. The use of inverters here to give supplay voltage AC induction motor in which the magnitude of the frequency can be varied. Setting frequency of the inverter utilizing method pulse with modulation (PWM). The circuit used to build PWM, using Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) technology. Values ​​obtained variable frequency ranging from 4 Hz to 50 Hz, and acquired motor speed ranging from 12 rpm up to 1390 rpm.

Effects of Rate of Presentation on the Reception of American Sign Language

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan D. Fischer ◽  
Lorraine A. Delhorne ◽  
Charlotte M. Reed
Keyword(s):  
American Sign Language ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
American Sign ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Compressed Speech ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Normal Speed ◽  
Visual Reception ◽  
Substantial Drop

Previous research on the visual reception of fingerspelled English suggests that communication rates are limited primarily by constraints on production. Studies of artificially accelerated fingerspelling indicate that reception of fingerspelled sentences is highly accurate for rates up to 2 to 3 times those that can be produced naturally. The current paper reports on the results of a comparable study of the reception of American Sign Language (ASL). Fourteen native deaf ASL signers participated in an experiment in which videotaped productions of isolated ASL signs or ASL sentences were presented at normal playback speed and at speeds of 2, 3, 4, and 6 times normal speed. For isolated signs, identification scores decreased from 95% correct to 46% correct across the range of rates that were tested; for sentences, the ability to identify key signs decreased from 88% to 19% over the range of rates tested. The results indicate a breakdown in processing at around 2.5–3 times the normal rate as evidenced both by a substantial drop in intelligibility in this region and by a shift in error patterns away from semantic and toward formational. These results parallel those obtained in previous studies of the intelligibility of the auditory reception of time-compressed speech and the visual reception of accelerated fingerspelling. Taken together, these results suggest a modality-independent upper limit to language processing.

“I Think” in NS and Chinese NNS Spoken English

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-100
Author(s):  
Lan-fen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Frequency Information ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Chinese Learners ◽  
English I

In spoken English, “I think” is a frequently-used chunk. The frequent use of “I think” in the Chinese non-native speakers' (NNSs') speech has been interpreted as being somewhat overused in previous studies, such as Xu and Xu (2007) and Yang and Wei (2005). The same phenomenon is also found in the present study, which is based on a detailed analysis of three corpora: The Spoken English Corpus of Chinese Learners (SECCL), MICASE and ICE-GB. “I think” is over-represented in the Chinese NNSs' speech in SECCL. However, it is questionable as to whether the Chinese NNSs use “I think” too much, and inappropriately. The investigation into the frequency information and contexts provides an explanation of the generic constraints and national backgrounds underlying the over-representation of “I think” in the speech of Chinese NNSs as well as revealing differences between Chinese NNSs and NSs.

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