Auditory Brainstem Responses from Children Three Months to Three Years of Age

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Gorga ◽  
Jan R. Kaminski ◽  
Kathryn L. Beauchaine ◽  
Walt Jesteadt ◽  
Stephen T. Neely
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Age Appropriate ◽  
Neural Factors ◽  
Interaural Differences ◽  
Interpeak Latency ◽  
Age Range

Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were measured in 535 children from 3 months to 3 years of age. The latencies reported in this paper should be unaffected by peripheral hearing loss because each child had bilateral wave V responses at 20 dB HL n . Wave V latencies decreased as age increased, at least to 18 months of age, while little or no change was noted in wave I latencies over the same age range. Thus, interpeak latency differences followed the same developmental time course as wave V. The shapes of wave V latency-level functions were comparable across age groups. These results suggest that changes in wave V latency with age are due to central (neural) factors and that age-appropriate norms should be used in evaluations of ABR latencies in children. Interaural differences in absolute wave V latencies and interpeak latency differences were similar to those observed in infants and adults, indicating that response symmetry is independent of age. Statistical analyses suggested that the distributions of absolute and relative latency measurements are normal, making it possible to describe norms in terms of means and standard deviations. A simple model is described that accounts accurately for changes in mean wave V latencies as function of age from preterm through the first three years of life.

scholarly journals Continued Maturation of the Click-Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response in Preschoolers

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 030-035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Spitzer ◽  
Travis White-Schwoch ◽  
Kali Woodruff Carr ◽  
Erika Skoe ◽  
Nina Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Age Range

Background: Click-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) are a valuable tool for probing auditory system function and development. Although it has long been thought that the human auditory brainstem is fully mature by age 2 yr, recent evidence indicates a prolonged developmental trajectory. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the time course of ABR maturation in a preschool population and fill a gap in the knowledge of development. Research Design: Using a cross-sectional design, we investigated the effect of age on absolute latencies, interwave latencies, and amplitudes (waves I, III, V) of the click-evoked ABR. Study Sample: A total of 71 preschoolers (ages 3.12–4.99 yr) participated in the study. All had normal peripheral auditory function and IQ. Data Collection and Analysis: ABRs to a rarefaction click stimulus presented at 31/sec and 80 dB SPL (73 dB nHL) were recorded monaurally using clinically-standard recording and filtering procedures while the participant sat watching a movie. Absolute latencies, interwave latencies, and amplitudes were then correlated to age. Results: Developmental changes were restricted to absolute latencies. Wave V latency decreased significantly with age, whereas wave I and III latencies remained stable, even in this restricted age range. Conclusions: The ABR does not remain static after age 2 yr, as seen by a systematic decrease in wave V latency between ages 3 and 5 yr. This finding suggests that the human brainstem has a continued developmental time course during the preschool years. Latency changes in the age 3–5 yr range should be considered when using ABRs as a metric of hearing health.

Auditory Brainstem Responses in a Case of High-Frequency Conductive Hearing Loss

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Gorga ◽  
Jan K. Reiland ◽  
Kathryn A. Beauchaine
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Conductive Hearing Loss ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Intensity Function ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Interpeak Latency ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Conductive Hearing

Click-evoked auditory brainstem responses were measured in a patient with high-frequency conductive hearing loss. As is typical in cases of conductive hearing loss, Wave I latency was prolonged beyond normal limits. Interpeak latency differences were just below the lower limits of the normal range. The Wave V latency-intensity function, however was abnormally steep. This pattern is explained by the hypothesis that the slope of the latency-intensity function is determined principally by the configuration of the hearing loss. In cases of high-frequency hearing loss (regardless of the etiology), the response may be dominated by more apical regions of the cochlea at lower intensities and thus have a longer latency.

Vigintiphobia, Unbound Bilirubin, and Auditory Brainstem Responses

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahisa Funato ◽  
Hiroshi Tamai ◽  
Seiichi Shimada ◽  
Hajime Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Unbound Bilirubin ◽  
Group B ◽  
Interpeak Latency ◽  
Prolonged Latency

Objective. The management of nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia in term newborns is controversial. To evaluate the usefulness of serum unbound bilirubin concentrations (UBCs) in the management of hyperbilirubinemia, we compared the concentrations with abnormal auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Methods. ABRs and serum UBCs in 37 hyperbilirubinemic term newborns (total bilirubin concentrations [TBCs] ≥20 mg/dL and direct bilirubin concentrations <2 mg/dL) were measured before treatment with either phototherapy or exchange transfusions. Eight of these newborns had blood incompatibilities. These hyperbilirubinemic newborns were divided into three groups according to the findings of ABR: group A, normal ABR (n = 18); group B, prolonged latency of wave I only (n = 8); and group C, prolonged interpeak latency of wave I-III/I-V and/or poor amplitude (n = 11). Results. The peak TBC was significantly different between groups A and C (22.8 ± 2.2 mg/dL and 25.4 ± 2.5 mg/dL, respectively; P < .05), though there were no differences between groups A and B and between groups B and C. The peak UBCs in groups B (1.27 ± 0.7 µg/dL) and C (1.34 ± 0.37 µg/dL) were significantly higher than in group A (0.78 ± 0.26 µg/dL) (P < .05 and P < .01, respectively), though there was no significant difference in the peak UBC between groups B and C. Abnormal ABR findings were more clearly associated with the level of UBC at 1.0 µg/dL than that of TBC at 23 mg/dL by multiple logistic regression analysis (odds ratio 16.6, P = .0026, vs 4.2, P = .1272). Conclusions. These results suggest that measuring UBC may help in evaluating the possible risk of bilirubin encephalopathy in full-term newborns when there is vigintiphobia (fear of 20).

scholarly journals Effects of Age and Noise Exposure on Proxy Measures of Cochlear Synaptopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 233121651987730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garreth Prendergast ◽  
Samuel Couth ◽  
Rebecca E. Millman ◽  
Hannah Guest ◽  
Karolina Kluk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Speech Perception In Noise ◽  
Phase Discrimination ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Interaural Phase ◽  
Age Range

Although there is strong histological evidence for age-related synaptopathy in humans, evidence for the existence of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy in humans is inconclusive. Here, we sought to evaluate the relative contributions of age and noise exposure to cochlear synaptopathy using a series of electrophysiological and behavioral measures. We extended an existing cohort by including 33 adults in the age range 37 to 60, resulting in a total of 156 participants, with the additional older participants resulting in a weakening of the correlation between lifetime noise exposure and age. We used six independent regression models (corrected for multiple comparisons), in which age, lifetime noise exposure, and high-frequency audiometric thresholds were used to predict measures of synaptopathy, with a focus on differential measures. The models for auditory brainstem responses, envelope-following responses, interaural phase discrimination, and the co-ordinate response measure of speech perception were not statistically significant. However, both age and noise exposure were significant predictors of performance on the digit triplet test of speech perception in noise, with greater noise exposure (unexpectedly) predicting better performance in the 80 dB sound pressure level (SPL) condition and greater age predicting better performance in the 40 dB SPL condition. Amplitude modulation detection thresholds were also significantly predicted by age, with older listeners performing better than younger listeners at 80 dB SPL. Overall, the results are inconsistent with the predicted effects of synaptopathy.

Auditory Nerve and Brainstem Responses in Newborn Infants with Hyperbilirubinemia

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Nakamura ◽  
Satoshi Takada ◽  
Roberto Shimabuku ◽  
Masafumi Matsuo ◽  
Tamotsu Matsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bilirubin Level ◽  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Unbound Bilirubin ◽  
Group B ◽  
Interpeak Latency

To assess early bilirubin toxicity, a study was made of auditory brainstem responses in relation to total bilirubin levels as well as unbound bilirubin levels in 56 hyperbilirubinemic infants (total bilirubin ≥15.0 mg/dL) and 24 infants who did not have jaundice. The latencies of wave I at 85 dB HL (hearing level) in hyperbilirubinemic infants were significantly greater than those in the control group. The latencies of wave I and V in hyperbilirubinemic infants with unbound bilirubin levels ≥1.0 µg/dL (group C) were greater than those in the control group and in the hyperbilirubinemic infants with unbound bilirubin levels <0.5 µg/dL (group A) and with unbound bilirubin levels <1.0 µg/dL (group B). There were no significant differences of the wave I-V interpeak latency between the control infants and the hyperbilirubinemic infants. Thirty of the 80 infants showed prolonged peak latencies (greater than the mean ± 2 SD for the control infants) of wave I and/or V in one or both ears. The incidences of the prolonged peak latencies in group B (42%) and group C (89%) were significantly greater than that in the control group (12%). The serial determinations of auditory brainstem responses in infants treated with exchange transfusions revealed that the prolonged peak latencies before exchange transfusion improved at 48 and 96 hours after the procedure for wave I, and at 24, 48, and 96 hours after the procedure for wave V. The interpeak latency of wave I-V did not change with exchange transfusion. These results suggest that the auditory nerve is reversibly damaged in the infants with hyperbilirubinemia, and, in particular, the abnormal auditory brainstem response recordings are more closely related to the unbound bilirubin level than the total bilirubin level.

Waterjet dissection of the vestibulocochlear nerve: an experimental study

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Tschan ◽  
Michael Robert Gaab ◽  
Joachim Kurt Krauss ◽  
Joachim Oertel
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Vestibulocochlear Nerve ◽  
Nerve Preservation ◽  
Suboccipital Craniectomy ◽  
And Function ◽  
Waterjet Dissection

Object Waterjet dissection has been shown to protect intracerebral vessels, but no experience exists in applying this modality to the cranial nerves. To evaluate its potential, the authors examined waterjet dissection of the vestibulocochlear nerve in rats. Methods Lateral suboccipital craniectomy and microsurgical preparation of the vestibulocochlear nerve were performed in 42 rats. Water pressures of 2–10 bar were applied, and the effect was microscopically evaluated. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were used to define nerve function compared with preoperative values and the healthy contralateral side. The final anatomical preparation documented the morphological and histological effects of waterjet pressure on the nerve. Results In using up to 6 bar, the cochlear nerve was preserved in all cases. Eight bar moderately damaged the nerve surface. A 10-bar jet markedly damaged or even completely dissected the nerve. Time course analysis of the ABR demonstrated complete functional nerve preservation up to 6 bar after 6 weeks in all rats. Waterjet dissection with 8 bar was associated with a 60% recovery of ABR. In the 10-bar group, no recovery was seen. Conclusions Microsurgical dissection of cranial nerves is possible using waterjet dissection while preserving both morphology and function. The aforementioned jet pressures are known to be effective in neurosurgical treatment of tumors. Thus, waterjet dissection may be useful in skull base surgery including dissection of cranial nerves from tumors. Further studies on this subject are encouraged.

scholarly journals Developmental plasticity of hearing sensitivity in red-eared slider Trachemys scripta elegans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jichao Wang ◽  
Handong Li ◽  
Tongliang Wang ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Jianguo Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Trachemys Scripta ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Trachemys Scripta Elegans ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sensitivity Changes

AbstractDevelopmental plasticity of hearing sensitivity (DPHS) has been verified in some groups of vertebrates. Turtles face a trade-off between terrestrial and aquatic hearing in different acoustic environments throughout ontogeny. However, how chelonian hearing sensitivity changes throughout ontogeny is still unclear. To verify DPHS in turtles, auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were compared using hearing thresholds and latencies in female red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) aged 1 week, 1 month, 1 year, and 5 years, and the results showed hearing sensitivity bandwidths of approximately 200–1100, 200–1100, 200–1300, and 200–1400 Hz, respectively. The lowest threshold sensitivity was approximately 600□Hz. Below 600 Hz, ABR threshold decreased rapidly with increasing age (1 week to 1 year), with significant differences between age groups, but no significant difference between the 1- and 5-year age groups (stimulus frequency, 200–600 Hz). Above 600 Hz, ABR threshold was the lowest in the 5-year age group. These findings show that aging was accompanied by hearing sensitivity changes, suggesting rapid, frequency-segmented development during ontogeny. This variability in hearing sensitivity differs from that reported in other vertebrates, and allows adaptation to acoustically distinct environments throughout ontogeny. Our findings further elucidate the developmental patterns of the vertebrate auditory system.

scholarly journals Auditory brainstem responses in weaning pigs and three ages of sows1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1416-1422
Author(s):  
Nichole Chapel Anderson ◽  
Stephanie A Thomovsky ◽  
Jeffrey R Lucas ◽  
Tokiko Kushiro-Banker ◽  
John Scott Radcliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Hearing Ability ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Extensive Body

Abstract Piglet crushing is a devastating welfare concern on swine farms; however, some sows appear unresponsive to a piglet’s call. Sow hearing ability is rarely considered despite the extensive body of research performed on crushing. In this study, pigs of four age groups (weaning, n = 7; gilts, n = 5; 2nd and 3rd parity, n = 5; 5th parity and up, n = 5) were anesthetized and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were performed to measure if pig hearing diminishes with age in a mechanically ventilated barn. Before testing, pigs were placed in a sound dampening box. ABRs were performed on animals using 1,000 clicks at two decibel (dB) levels: 90 and 127 dB sound pressure level. Latencies and amplitudes of waves I–V were measured and interpeak latencies for waves I–III, III–V, and I–V were calculated. Five pigs (three 2nd and 3rd parity, and two 5th parity and above) had no detectable waves at either decibel. Sows in 2nd and 3rd parities had very few distinguishable waves, with only wave I and II present in two sows. Amplitudes of waves I and V increased with increased dB (P < 0.001). Increasing dB decreased the latency of each of the recorded waves (P < 0.01). The vast majority of commercial swine are raised in noisy barn environments; it is possible that these environments directly affect the ability for pigs to hear and normal hearing development in this population of animals. Hearing has a significant effect on swine welfare as hearing is integral to successful animal handing and during moments of animal-to-animal communication. Hearing is a considerable welfare issue on farms and ways to decrease pig hearing loss should be considered.

Audio-vestibular findings in meningioma of the cerebello-pontine angle: a retrospective review

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1022-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Baguley ◽  
Graham J. Beynon ◽  
Philip L. Greyf ◽  
David G. Hardya ◽  
David A. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Vestibular Schwannoma ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Age Range

AbstractThe aim of this study was the determination of the incidence of symptoms of audio-vestibular dysfunction and of abnormalities on audio-vestibular testing in patients found to have a unilateral meningioma of the cerebello-pontine angle (CPA). The case notes of 25 patients diagnosed with unilateral, sporadic and histologically proven CPA meningioma were retrospectively reviewed. The age range of this series was 31–71 years, with a mean age of 50 years. Two patients were male (eight per cent) and 23 were female (92 per cent). The mean length of history was 44.7 months. The distribution of tumour size was skewed toward larger tumours, with 15 cases (60 per cent) having tumours with a maximum diameter greater than 3.5 cm on imaging. Pure tone audiometry was normal in five cases (20 per cent), and no patients exhibited the high frequency sensorineural hearing loss that is characteristic of vestibular schwannoma. Speech audiometry was normal in 50 per cent of cases. Caloric testing was abnormal in 77 per cent of the 18 cases tested, whilst auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were abnormal in 100 per cent of the 18 cases who had sufficient hearing for this test to be possible. The presence of normal audiometry in patients with a proven CPA lesion indicates that, if in a protocol for investigation, asymmetry of hearing is mandatory then some pathology will be missed. Any suspicion of a CPA lesion warrants investigation even in the absence of hearing loss.The investigation of choice for the identification of CPA lesions has become magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). If this technique is not available then this study indicates that ABR is a suitable and sensitive investigation. It should be borne in mind however that the data in this study has been derived from a series of predominantly large tumours, and the sensitivity of ABR to smaller CPA meningiomata may fall, as is the case for vestibular schwannoma.

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