Prediction of Individual Loudness Exponents from Cross-Modality Matching

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhona P. Hellman ◽  
Carol H. Meiselman
Keyword(s):  
Power Function ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Magnitude Production ◽  
Loudness Growth

An investigation of the relation among individual power-function exponents for 51 adults with normal hearing was undertaken. Three different psychophysical procedures were employed: absolute magnitude estimation (AME), absolute magnitude production (AMP), and cross-modality matching (CMM) between loudness and perceived length. From these procedures, loudness exponents obtained directly from measurements of AME and AMP of loudness were compared to exponents predicted from CMM and AME of perceived length. The means of the distributions of measured and predicted exponents were found to have an identical value of 0.56. Moreover, more than half of the differences between the predicted and measured exponents ranged from -.07 to +.09, giving measured deviations that extend from - 12.5 to 16%. The close agreement between the measured and predicted means, ranges, and distributions of exponent values implies that CMM combined with line-length information can be used with success to determine an individual's rate of loudness growth.

Psychophysical Scaling of Distorted Speech

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Joseph Barry ◽  
Gerald Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Magnitude Production ◽  
Psychophysical Scaling

Magnitude estimation and magnitude production procedures were used by ten normal-hearing subjects to scale the perceived distortion corresponding to the systematically varied physical distortion of a speech signal. The combined function based on the results of the two procedures exhibited a slope of 0.83, indicating that perceived distortion grows more slowly than physical distortion.

scholarly journals Concert Hall Sound Clarity: A Comparison of Auditory Judgments and Objective Measures

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Miśkiewicz ◽  
Tomira Rogala ◽  
Teresa Rościszewska ◽  
Tomasz Rudzki ◽  
Tadeusz Fidecki
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Response Signal ◽  
Concert Hall ◽  
Numerical Scale

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to compare auditory judgments of sound clarity of music examples recorded in a concert hall with predictions of clarity made from the impulse response signal recorded in the same hall. Auditory judgments were made with the use of two methods: by rating sound clarity on a numerical scale with two endpoints, and by absolute magnitude estimation. Results obtained by both methods were then compared against the values of clarity indices,C80andC50, determined from the impulse response of the concert hall, measured in places in which the microphone was located during recording of music examples. Results show that auditory judgments of sound clarity and predictions made from theC80index yield a similar rank order of data, but the relation between theC80scale and perceived sound clarity is nonlinear. The data also show that the values ofC80andC50indices are in very close agreement.

Measurements of Loudness Growth in 1/2-Octave Bands for Children and Adults With Normal Hearing

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa R. Ellis ◽  
Michael K. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Boundary Values ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Point Data ◽  
Loudness Growth

The loudness growth in 1/2-octave bands (LGOB) procedure has been shown previously to provide valid estimates of loudness growth for adults with normal hearing and those with hearing loss (Allen, Hall, & Jeng, 1990), and it has been widely incorporated into fitting strategies for adult hearing aid users by a hearing aid manufacturer. Here, we applied a simple modification of LGOB to children and adults with normal hearing and then compared the loudness growth functions (as obtained from end-point data) between the two age groups. In addition, reliability data obtained within a single session and between test sessions were compared between the two groups. Large differences were observed in the means between the two groups for the lower boundary values, the upper boundary values, and the range between boundaries both within and across all frequencies. The data obtained from children also had greater variance than the adult data. In addition, there was more variability in the data across test sessions for children. Many test-retest differences for children exceeded 10 dB. Adult test-retest differences were generally less than 10 dB. Although the LGOB with the modifications used in this study may be used to measure loudness growth in children, its poor reliability with this age group may limit its clinical use for children with hearing loss. Additional work is needed to explore whether loudness growth measures can be adapted successfully to children and whether these measures contribute worthwhile information for fitting hearing aids to children.

Loudness Growth under Masking: Relation to True Sensorineural Impairment

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Power Function ◽  
Threshold Shift ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Masker Level ◽  
Loudness Recruitment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Balance Functions ◽  
Loudness Growth

Alternate binaural loudness balances between masked and unmasked normal ears were performed to examine the growth of loudness as a function of masker level at each of several frequencies (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) and to determine whether the recruitmentlike phenomenon in masked ears is comparable in its growth and form to actual recruitment growth in sensorineural impaired ears. The results for 28 subjects indicated that for all frequencies a power function relating the perceived loudness in the masked ear to the unmasked ear could be drawn, and that the slope of this function rose as a function of increased masking. The family of slopes for each frequency was linearly related to the induced threshold shift. The slope of this latter relation proved to be frequency dependent. Comparison between the slope growth in simulated hearing loss and the family of loudness-balance slopes obtained from patients with true unilateral loss of varying degree indicated that the slopes of loudness-balance functions in the latter group also increased linearly with increased loss. In this latter instance, however, the slope growth was not frequency dependent, thus pointing to an essential difference between simulated and actual loudness recruitment growth.

Magnitude Estimation of Loudness I Application to Hearing Aid Selection

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Geller ◽  
Robert H. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Octave Band ◽  
Loudness Function ◽  
Comfortable Loudness ◽  
Tonal Stimuli

Three experiments were conducted to explore the utility of magnitude estimation of loudness for hearing aid selection. In Experiment 1 the loudness discomfort level (LDL), most comfortable loudness (MCL), and magnitude estimations (MEs) of loudness were obtained from normal-hearing subjects. MCLs fell within a range of loudnesses that was relatively low on the loudness function. The LDLs were lower than previously published values. Experiment 2 was performed to identify the source of disparity between our LDL data and previously reported results. The effects of instructions are demonstrated and discussed. In Experiment 3 magnitude estimations of loudness were used to determine the loudness of tonal stimuli selected to represent ⅓ octave band levels of speech. Over the 500–4000 Hz range, the contributions of the various frequency regions to the loudness of speech appears to be nearly constant. Methods are proposed for (a) predicting the frequency-gain response of a hearing aid that restores normal loudness for speech for the hearing-impaired listener and (b) psychophysically evaluating the compression characteristic of a hearing aid.

scholarly journals Continuous Magnitude Production of Loudness

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Schlittenlacher ◽  
Wolfgang Ellermeier
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Magnitude Production ◽  
Consistency Check ◽  
Regression Effects ◽  
Systematic Biases ◽  
Behavioural Experiments ◽  
The Given ◽  
Stevens’S Power Law

Continuous magnitude estimation and continuous cross-modality matching with line length can efficiently track the momentary loudness of time-varying sounds in behavioural experiments. These methods are known to be prone to systematic biases but may be checked for consistency using their counterpart, magnitude production. Thus, in Experiment 1, we performed such an evaluation for time-varying sounds. Twenty participants produced continuous cross-modality matches to assess the momentary loudness of fourteen songs by continuously adjusting the length of a line. In Experiment 2, the resulting temporal line length profile for each excerpt was played back like a video together with the given song and participants were asked to continuously adjust the volume to match the momentary line length. The recorded temporal line length profile, however, was manipulated for segments with durations between 7 to 12 s by eight factors between 0.5 and 2, corresponding to expected differences in adjusted level of −10, −6, −3, −1, 1, 3, 6, and 10 dB according to Stevens’s power law for loudness. The average adjustments 5 s after the onset of the change were −3.3, −2.4, −1.0, −0.2, 0.2, 1.4, 2.4, and 4.4 dB. Smaller adjustments than predicted by the power law are in line with magnitude-production results by Stevens and co-workers due to “regression effects.” Continuous cross-modality matches of line length turned out to be consistent with current loudness models, and by passing the consistency check with cross-modal productions, demonstrate that the method is suited to track the momentary loudness of time-varying sounds.

Effect of Orientation in Haptic Reproduction of Line Length

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1291-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Lanca ◽  
David J. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Power Function ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Line Orientation ◽  
Proprioceptive Information

We investigated the accuracy of haptic reproduction of line length and whether accuracy is influenced by line orientation. 13 blindfolded subjects felt along different line lengths at various orientations in the horizontal plane, then reproduced the line lengths in the same orientation as that felt. Efforts were made to equate learning and reproductive scanning movements. Reproductions of line lengths were a nonveridical power function of their true lengths, but the power function exponents did not differ across spatial orientations. It was concluded that people can encode line lengths across spatial orientations by a common power function if care is taken to equate proprioceptive information across learning and reproduction.

The listener's temperament and perceived tempo and loudness of music

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 655-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kantor‐Martynuska
Keyword(s):  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Line Segment ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Magnitude Production ◽  
Music Preferences ◽  
Previous Version ◽  
Numerical Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Recent Version ◽  
Subjective Level

The relationship between the listener's temperament and perceived magnitude of tempo and loudness of music was studied using the techniques of magnitude production, magnitude estimation scaling and cross‐modal matching. Four piano pieces were presented at several levels of tempo and loudness. In Study 1, participants adjusted tempo and loudness of music to their subjective level of comfort. In Study 2, participants estimated these parameters on a numerical scale and matched the length of a line segment to the estimates of these musical features. The results showed significant correlations of selected aspects of perceived tempo with perseveration and endurance as well as of selected aspects of perceived loudness with endurance and emotional reactivity. Perceived tempo and loudness, as measured by magnitude production and cross‐modal matching tasks, do not seem to systematically correlate with the six formal characteristics of behaviour distinguished in the most recent version of the Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT). Additionally, there is some evidence that they are selectively associated with reactivity and activity, the dimensions of a previous version of the RTT. The study extends the methodology of research on music preferences and the stimulatory value of music. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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