The Annoyance of Tinnitus and the Noise Required to Mask It

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Penner
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Total Change ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Over Time

For 11 patients with tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss, the intensity of bilateral broad-band noise required to mask the tinnitus increased by as much as 41 dB over a 30-minute period. A significant correlation was obtained between the rate of change in the noise over time and reported annoyance of the tinnitus as measured on a 5-point rating scale. The total change in the noise level and the initial noise level required to mask the tinnitus were not significantly correlated with the annoyance of the tinnitus.

The Temporal Course of the Masking of Tinnitus as a Basis for Inferring Its Origin

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Penner ◽  
Steven Brauth ◽  
Linda Hood
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Eighth Nerve ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Temporal Course

For patients with tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss, the intensity of broad-band noise required to mask the tinnitus increases by as much as 45 dB during a 30-minute period if the patient is exposed to noise. In contrast, the intensity required to mask an external tone remains nearly constant. Some speculations which might account for this result are offered. Excess neural activity is posited to be the physiological determinant of tinnitus and to be central, generated in the brainstem postsynaptic to the, eighth nerve.

Brand Evaluation and Brand Choice: A Longitudinal Study

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic B. Kraft ◽  
Donald H. Granbois ◽  
John O. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Brand Choice ◽  
Evaluation Index ◽  
Brand Evaluation ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Over Time

An analysis is presented showing the association between a summated brand evaluation index and brands purchased over time. The summated index was no more predictive than simpler measures such as “brand last purchased” and a 7-point rating scale, although the summated index may have value as a diagnostic tool.

The Prediction of Hearing Loss in Persons With Cerebral Palsy Using Contralateral Acoustic Reflex Threshold for Broad-Band Noise

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Michele B. Emmer ◽  
Shlomo Silman
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Reflex Threshold ◽  
Acoustic Reflex Threshold

The utility of R. Keith’s (1977) method of screening for hearing sensitivity using the contralateral acoustic-reflex threshold (ART) for broad-band noise (BBN) was tested in persons with cerebral palsy (CP). Three groups of participants were included in this prospective study. The first group comprised 20 normal-hearing individuals without CP whose results were used as normative data. The second group comprised 16 participants with normal hearing and CP. The third group comprised 22 participants with sensorineural hearing loss and CP. The results of this study indicate that Keith’s screening method employing ART for BBN can be used successfully in a population with multiple handicaps where a quick, inexpensive, readily available, and accurate method is needed.

Rating Deaf Speakers’ Comprehensibility

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney M. Barefoot ◽  
Joseph H. Bochner ◽  
Barbara Ann Johnson ◽  
Beth Ann vom Eigen
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
English Language ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
English Language Proficiency ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Point Rating Scale ◽  
Communication Context

The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of a measure of communication efficacy, one that explicitly encompasses features of both speech and language. Toward this end the construct of comprehensibility, which has been used in the field of second-language acquisition, was adapted. Comprehensibility, operationally defined as the extent to which a listener understands utterances produced by a speaker in a communication context, was studied in relation to various dimensions of communication efficacy. Four observers evaluated the comprehensibility of utterances produced by 41 deaf young adults, using a nine-point rating scale. The reliability of the comprehensibility ratings was determined, and the ratings were studied in relation to independent assessments of the subjects’ speech intelligibility, English language proficiency, speech recognition, reading comprehension, and hearing loss. The results of this investigation indicate that comprehensibility can be evaluated reliably and that comprehensibility is associated with both speech intelligibility and language proficiency. The implications of these findings for the clinical assessment of speech and language are discussed.

scholarly journals Predicting neuropsychiatric symptoms of Parkinson’s disease with measures of striatal dopaminergic deficiency

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Bishnoi ◽  
Marina C. Badir ◽  
Sandarsh Surya ◽  
Nagy A. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Dopamine Transporters ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTThe role of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons degeneration is well established in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. However, it is unclear if and how the degeneration of the dopamine pathways affects the manifestation of the neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging, a technique to measure the reduction in the dopamine transporters is increasingly used as a tool in the diagnosis of PD. In this study, we examine if the baseline dopamine transporter density in the striatum measured by striatal binding ratio (SBR) is associated with the longitudinal onset and/or progression of NPS in PD as measured by the part 1 of Movement Disorder Society - Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, over four years. Data of patients with PD and an abnormal screening present on 123I-ioflupane single-proton emission computed tomography were obtained from Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. Latent Growth Modeling (LGM), a statistical technique that can model the change over time while considering the variability in rate of change at the individual level was used to examine the progression of NPS over time. The results indicate the SBR did not correlate with the baseline NPS but did correlate with the rate of change of NPS (p<0.001) over the next four years, even after eliminating age related variance which can be a significant confounding factor. In conclusion, this study showed gradual worsening in NPS in patients with Parkinson’s disease which inversely correlates with the density of the dopamine transporters as measured by SBR at baseline.

Experimental Study on the Effect of Number of Bubble Occurrences on Tip Vortex Cavitation Noise Scaling Law

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jisoo Park ◽  
Woojae Seong
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Tip Vortex ◽  
Cavitation Noise ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tip Vortex Cavitation ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Lifting Surface

A novel scaling law for the tip vortex cavitation (TVC) noise was determined, employing the Rankine vortex model, the Rayleigh–Plesset equation, the lifting surface theory, the boundary layer effect, and the number of bubbles generated per unit time (N0). All terms appearing in the final derived scaling law are well known three-dimensional (3D) lifting surface parameters, except for N0. In this study, the dependence of N0 with inflow velocity and hydrofoil dimension is investigated experimentally while trying to retain the same TVC patterns among different experimental conditions. Afterward, the effect of N0 on the TVC noise is analyzed. Optimal TVC observation conditions are determined from consideration of cavitation number and Reynolds number of two comparable conditions. Two geometrically scaled hydrofoils are concurrently placed in a cavitation tunnel for the hydrofoil size variation experiment. Wall effects and flow field interaction are prevented with the aid of computational fluid dynamics. Images taken with a high‐speed camera are used to count N0 by visual inspection. The noise signals at all conditions are measured and an acoustic bubble counting technique, to supplement visual counting, is devised to determine N0 acoustically from the measured noise data. The broad-band noise scaling law incorporating N0 and the International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) cavitation noise estimation rule for hydrofoil are both applied to estimate the TVC noise level for comparison with the measured noise level. The noise level estimated by the broad-band noise scaling law accounting for the acoustically estimated N0 gives the best agreement with the measured noise level.

scholarly journals Predicting Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease with Measures of Striatal Dopaminergic Deficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Bishnoi ◽  
Marina C. Badir ◽  
Sandarsh Surya ◽  
Nagy A. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Dopamine Transporters ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Over Time

Background: The role of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons degeneration is well established in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. However, it is unclear if and how the degeneration of the dopamine pathways affects the manifestation of the neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging, a technique to measure the reduction in dopamine transporters is increasingly used as a tool in the diagnosis of PD. Methods: In this study, we examine if the baseline dopamine transporter density in the striatum measured by the striatal binding ratio (SBR) is associated with the longitudinal onset and/or pro- gression of NPS in PD as measured by part 1 of Movement Disorder Society - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, over four years. Data of patients with PD and an abnormal screening present on 123I-ioflupane single-proton emission computed tomography were obtained from Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. Latent Growth Modeling (LGM), a statistical tech- nique that can model the change over time while considering the variability in the rate of change at the individual level, was used to examine the progression of NPS over time. Results: The results indicate the SBR did not correlate with the baseline NPS but did correlate with the rate of change of NPS (p<0.001) over the next four years, even after eliminating age-related variance, which can be a significant confounding factor. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed gradual worsening in NPS in patients with Parkinson’s disease, which inversely correlates with the density of the dopamine transporters as measured by SBR at baseline.

Measuring Agency Change Across the Domain of Hypnosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince Polito ◽  
Amanda Barnier ◽  
Erik Woody
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Multidimensional Construct ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Hypnotic Induction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Postexperimental Inquiry

Building on Hilgard’s (1965) classic work, the domain of hypnosis has been conceptualised by Barnier, Dienes, and Mitchell (2008) as comprising three levels: (1) classic hypnotic items, (2) responding between and within items, and (3) state and trait. The current experiment investigates sense of agency across each of these three levels. Forty-six high hypnotisable participants completed an ideomotor (arm levitation), a challenge (arm rigidity) and a cognitive (anosmia) item either following a hypnotic induction (hypnosis condition) or without a hypnotic induction (wake condition). In a postexperimental inquiry, participants rated their feelings of control at three time points for each item: during the suggestion, test and cancellation phases. They also completed the Sense of Agency Rating Scale (Polito, Barnier, &amp; Woody, 2013) for each item. Pass rates, control ratings, and agency scores fluctuated across the different types of items and for the three phases of each item; also, control ratings and agency scores often differed across participants who passed versus failed each item. Interestingly, whereas a hypnotic induction influenced the likelihood of passing items, it had no direct effect on agentive experiences. These results suggest that altered sense of agency is not a unidimensional or static quality “switched on” by hypnotic induction, but a dynamic multidimensional construct that varies across items, over time and according to whether individuals pass or fail suggestions.

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